Characterization and control of odorous gases at a landfill site: a case study in Hangzhou, China

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of the major sources of offensive odors potentially creating annoyance in adjacent communities. At the end of May 2007, an odor pollution incident occurred at the Tianziling landfill site, Hangzhou, China, where the residents lodged complaints about the intense odor from the landfill, which drew a significant attention from the government. In this study, ambient air monitoring was conducted at the Tianziling landfill site. The main odor composition of the gas samples collected on June 1st 2007 and the reduction of various odorous gases from the samples collected on June 1st 2009 due to the applied odor control techniques were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, variations of primary odorous gaseous (NH₃ and H₂S) concentrations at different locations in the landfill site from July 2007 to June 2009 were also investigated by using classical spectrophotometric methods. Results showed that a total of 68 volatile compounds were identified among which H₂S (56.58-579.84 μg/m³) and NH₃ (520-4460 μg/m³) were the notable odor components contributing to 4.47-10.92% and 83.91-93.94% of total concentrations, respectively. Similar spatial and temporal shifts of H₂S and NH₃ concentrations were observed and were significantly affected by environmental factors including temperature, air pressure and wind direction. Odor pollution was worse when high temperature, high humidity, low air pressure, and southeast, northeast or east wind appeared. Moreover, the environmental sampling points of the dumping area and the leachate treatment plant were found to be the main odor sources at the Tianziling landfill site. The odor control technologies used in this project had a good mitigating effect on the primary odorous compounds. This study provides long-term valuable information concerning the characteristics and control of odors at landfill sites in a long run.     

城市垃圾渗滤液氨氮吹脱研究

本文从相平衡与气液传质速率两方面对城市垃圾渗滤液 NH+4-N吹脱工艺的主要影响因素进行了理论分析 ,并在 Φ75 0 mm填料塔中对渗滤液的 p H值、喷淋密度以及液气比进行了实验研究 ,获得了适宜的操作条件。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液的产生，控制处理

垃圾填埋场作为固体废弃物的一种最终处置方法在三废治理中起着重要的作用。但是垃圾填埋场产生的渗滤液会成为二次污染，本文就渗滤液的产生，控制以及处理进行了探讨。     

预浓缩与GC-MS联用分析垃圾填埋场恶臭气体

采用预浓缩与气相色谱-质谱联用,建立了垃圾填埋场几种恶臭气体的分析方法。该法用SUMMA罐采集垃圾填埋场臭气,经预浓缩系统冷凝浓缩后,用GC-MS分析测定。几种臭气的检出限均低于3.0×10-3mg/m3,经6次重复测定,其相对标准偏差低于10%。该法已用于西安市江村沟垃圾填埋场臭气的采样分析。该法的应用增强了西安市对臭气的监测分析能力。     

北京某垃圾填埋区空气细菌浓度及粒径分布特征

以北京市某垃圾填埋区中作业区和覆盖区的空气细菌为主要研究对象,研究四个季节空气细菌浓度及粒径分布特征,得出了以下结论:垃圾填埋区作业区空气细菌浓度四季变化特征较覆盖区显著,且空气细菌浓度高于覆盖区。垃圾填埋区作业区和覆盖区四季的空气细菌粒子主要分布在前4级中,且在第Ⅵ级(<1.0μm)中分布比例最小,但分布规律不完全相同。秋季作业区最易感染人体的空气细菌浓度最高。垃圾填埋区作业区和覆盖区空气细菌中值直径最小值均出现在夏季,最大值均出现在冬季。     

Variations in the chemical properties of landfill leachate

Landfill leachates were collected and their chemical properties analyzed once every two months over a ten-month period from the Gin Drinkers' Bay (GDB) and Junk Bay (JB) landfills. The contents of solids, and inorganic and organic components fluctuated considerably with time. In general, the chemical properties of the two leachates correlated negatively (P<0.05) with the amounts of rainfall prior to the sampling periods. However, magnesium and pH of the leachates remained relatively constant with respect to sampling time. The JB leachate contained higher average contents of solids and inorganic and organic matter than those of GDB with the exception of trace metals. Trace metals were present in the two leachates in trace quantities (<1.0 mg/liter). The concentrations of average ammoniacal nitrogen were 1040 and 549 mg/liter, while chemical oxygen demand (COD) values were 767 and 695 mg/liter for JB and GDB leachates, respectively. These results suggest that the leachates need further treatment before they can be discharged to the coastal waters.     

Implications of environmental program planning for siting a nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain,Nevada, USA

The US Department of Energy (DOE) plans to conduct site characterization studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, to determine if the location is a suitable site for a nuclear waste repository. In lieu of traditional environmental review in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, the DOE is relying on an environmental assessment (EA) mandated by the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 as the cornerstone of its environmental program for the Yucca Mountain Project. Because of statutory restrictions, the EA is not based on comprehensive baseline information. Neither does it address fundamentals of environmental analysis such as ecological integrity and assessment of cumulative impacts. Consequently, the present environmental program for Yucca Mountain reflects decisions made without complete information and integrated environmental review. The shortcomings of the program risk compromising the natural integrity of Yucca Mountain and invalidating future assessment of the ability of a nuclear waste repository located at the site to protect the environment. Significant improvements are needed in the repository siting program before it can serve as a model of how society can evaluate the long-term environmental consequences of advanced technologies, as has been suggested.     

陈垃圾特性分析及其适用性评价

对深圳市盐田区垃圾场处置工程陈垃圾特性进行了分析，结果表明，场内陈垃圾已基本腐熟，相对附近农田土壤，陈垃圾中的营养物质较高，接近但尚未完全达到农用垃圾肥标准，且铅含量超标２～３ 倍，不宜进入食物链。但陈垃圾可用作市区绿化地带、公园、苗圃、林业等处的有机肥和垃圾填埋场封场工程的表层营养土     

垃圾填埋场垃圾堆体压实机理研究

通过填埋场现场运行实验，对生活垃圾在填埋场中的压实机理进行了研究，实验结果表明，压力是决定压实效果的最重要的外在因素，垃圾在外力下的形变大体可分为三个阶段：垃圾组分之间的大空隙被填没，垃圾体不可逆蠕变，垃圾体的范性变形；决定压实效果的内在因素有垃圾组分、垃圾含水率等。另外，作业过程中垃圾堆体的摊铺厚度、机械行程次数、行驶速度和坡向及坡度等也是影响垃圾堆体压实效果的重要因素。     

厌氧折流板反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

试验所用废水取自于已经封场多年的广州市大田山垃圾填埋场的渗滤液,其方法是对比原有的ABR工艺与在原有的ABR工艺中加入生物接触氧化池进行可行性试验研究,以求达到更好的处理效果.研究结果表明,组合新工艺可使进水的CODCr去除41%,NH3-N去除17%,比原有单一工艺的处理效果好,从而减少了后续工艺的处理负荷.