灰渣填埋场渗滤液处理技术研究

垃圾渗滤液,又称渗沥水或浸出液,是指垃圾在堆放和填埋过程中由于发酵和雨水的淋浴,冲刷,以及地表水和地下水的浸泡而滤出来的污水。垃圾填埋场渗滤液是一种高浓度有机废水,其化学特性与填埋场废物成分、填埋方式、填埋龄以及填埋场环境条件等密切相关,一般评价渗滤液的指标包括:COD Cr、BOD5、SS、总氮、氨氮、重金属等,主要污染物为溶解性有机物、氨氮,无机盐类物质含量较高,一般都极难处理而且会对周围环境造成严重的影响,特别是渗入到地下影响地下水,对周围的居民和植物的生存有很大的影响,渗出的渗滤液味道十分难闻也会产生沼气,影响大气环境。因此渗滤液的处理是城市垃圾填埋场正常运行的必不可少的环节之一。本次课题通过实验对渗滤液进行不同技术路线处理,探索渗滤液的有效方法。     

Leachability of dissolved chromium in asphalt and concrete surfacing materials

Leachate metal pollutant concentrations produced from different asphalt and concrete pavement surfacing materials were measured under controlled laboratory conditions. The results showed that, in general, the concentrations of most metal pollutants were below the reporting limits. However, dissolved chromium was detected in leachate from concrete (but not asphalt) specimens and more strongly in the early-time leachate samples. As the leaching continued, the concentration of Cr decreased to below or close to the reporting limit. The source of the chromium in concrete pavement was found to be cement. The concentration of total Cr produced from leachate of different cement coming from different sources that was purchased from retail distributors ranged from 124 to 641 μg/L. This result indicates that the potential leachability of dissolved Cr from concrete pavement materials can be reduced through source control. The results also showed that the leachability of dissolved Cr in hardened pavement materials was substantially reduced. For example, the concentration of dissolved Cr measured in actual highway runoff was found to be much lower than the Cr concentration produced from leachate of both open and dense graded concrete pavement specimens under controlled laboratory study. It was concluded that pavement materials are not the source of pollutants of concern in roadway runoff; rather most pollutants in roadway surface runoff are generated from other road-use or land-use sources, or from (wet or dry) atmospheric deposition.     

N2O emissions from municipal solid waste landfills with selected infertile cover soils and leachate subsurface irrigation

This study presents the field investigations into the effects of cover soils and leachate subsurface irrigation on N₂O emissions from municipal solid waste landfills. Landfill Site A and Site B, covered with carefully chosen infertile soils, were selected to monitor their diurnal and seasonal variations of N₂O emissions. The annual average N₂O flux was 469 ± 796 μg N₂O-N m⁻² h⁻¹ in Site B with leachate subsurface irrigation, three times that of Site A without leachate irrigation. When an additional soil containing lower contents of carbon and nitrogen was introduced to cover part of Site B, its N₂O fluxes decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with the left area of Site B. This suggested that carefully selected cover soils could substantially reduce N₂O emissions even under leachate subsurface irrigation. Statistical analysis proved that the availabilities of soil moisture and mineralized nitrogen were the key parameters controlling landfill N₂O emissions.     

Fenton氧化法深度处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

采用Fenton氧化法对经生化处理后的垃圾渗滤液进行深度处理。结果表明,Fenton反应最佳工艺条件:初始pH值为3,H2O2加入量为3.0mL/L,FeSO4.7H2O加入量为3.5g/L,反应时间120min。生化处理后的垃圾渗滤液经Fenton氧化法深度处理后,CODCr由处理前的300mg/L,降至处理后的93mg/L,去除率达69.0%,出水水质达到新修订的《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)排放标准。     

Performance of bioreactor landfill with waste mined from a dumpsite

Emissions from landfills via leachate and gas are influenced by state and stability of the organic matter in the solid waste and the environmental conditions within the landfill. This paper describes a modified, ecologically sound waste treatment technique, where municipal solid waste is anaerobically treated in a lysimeter-scale landfill bioreactor with leachate recirculation to enhance organic degradation. The results demonstrate a substantial decrease in organic matter (BOD 99%, COD 88% and TOC 81%) and a clear decrease in nutrient concentrations especially ammonia (85%) over a period of 1 year with leachate recirculation.     

膜法处理垃圾渗滤液新技术实验研究

将改进间歇式活性污泥法与FIL-MAX膜组合处理工艺相结合,应用于沈阳某垃圾场垃圾渗滤液处理工程实例中。通过实验,分析了COD、NH3-N等指标的处理效率以及影响因素,最终得出改进间歇式活性污泥法与FIL-MAX组合工艺处理在一定程度上改善膜污染、膜堵塞等常见问题。     

微波强化铁碳-双氧水体系处理填埋场渗滤液膜滤浓缩液研究

为了探讨微波(MW)/铁碳(Fe-C)/H_2O_2类芬顿反应对填埋场渗滤液膜滤浓缩液(简称"渗滤液浓缩液")中难降解有机物,系统研究了双氧水投量、Fe-C投量、初始pH值、微波输出功率和反应时间对浓缩液中有机污染物的去除规律,通过类比实验研究了MW/Fe-C/H_2O_2体系的反应协同作用;此外,采用紫外-可见和三维荧光光谱表征了浓缩液中溶解性有机物的分子结构变化;最后,利用SEM-EDS和XRD等表征对反应前后的Fe-C材料的催化机理进行了解析.结果表明,在双氧水投量为10 mL·L~(-1),Fe-C投量0.8 g·L~(-1),初始pH值为3,微波输出功率为450 W,反应时间为12 min时,其COD、腐殖质和色度的去除率达到了70.06%、94.61%和98.86%.与此同时,控制实验表明MW/Fe-C/H_2O_2具有较强的协同作用,且对有机物的降解效果远好于其他体系.经过MW/Fe-C/H_2O_2体系处理后,浓缩液中溶解性有机物的芳香性程度和腐殖质缩合度逐渐降低,并且腐殖质等大分子难降解有机物大幅去除,可生化性(BOD/COD值)也大幅提升.一方面,Fe-C材料包含了多种铁基氧化物等活性物质可与H_2O_2形成非均相芬顿反应;另一方面,在酸性条件下铁缓释淋滤产生的铁离子会与H_2O_2形成芬顿反应.并且,微波辐射作用可一定程度上强化上述过程,从而加速了有机物的去除.因此,MW/Fe-C/H_2O_2体系能够快速高效的对渗滤液浓缩液进行预处理,研究为高浓度有机废水的处理提供了借鉴.     

协同氧化剂在垃圾渗滤液处理中的研究及应用

为了有效控制垃圾渗滤液对水体环境的污染,根据垃圾渗滤液的特点及其主要污染物,采用高效协同氧化剂进行预处理和终端处理。为此,介绍了该工艺流程及其原理,并对具体应用工程进行了处理效果和经济效益分析。其工程处理效果好,COD去除率达到97%,且可达标排放,经济和技术指标亦可行。     

城市垃圾卫生填埋场浸出液的处理

介绍了国内外垃圾填埋浸出液的处理方法，并结合广州市李坑垃圾填埋场的具体情况，分析了浸出液处理的特点，提出了可行的处理工艺，可供浸出液处理科研人员参考。