膜法处理垃圾渗滤液新技术实验研究

将改进间歇式活性污泥法与FIL-MAX膜组合处理工艺相结合,应用于沈阳某垃圾场垃圾渗滤液处理工程实例中。通过实验,分析了COD、NH3-N等指标的处理效率以及影响因素,最终得出改进间歇式活性污泥法与FIL-MAX组合工艺处理在一定程度上改善膜污染、膜堵塞等常见问题。     

Liquid balance monitoring inside conventional,Retrofit, and bio-reactor landfill cells

The Outer Loop landfill bioreactor (OLLB) in Louisville, KY, USA has been the site of a study to evaluate long-term bioreactor performance at a full-scale operational landfill. Three types of landfill units were studied including a conventional landfill (Control cell), a new landfill area that had an air addition and recirculation piping network installed as waste was being placed (As-Built cell), and a conventional landfill that was modified to allow for liquids recirculation (Retrofit cell). During the monitoring period, the Retrofit, Control, and As-Built cells received 48, 14, and 213 L Mg^?1 (liters of liquids per metric ton of waste), respectively. The leachate collection system yielded 60, 57 and 198 L Mg^?1 from the Retrofit, Control, and As-Built cells, respectively. The head on liner in all cells was below regulatory limits. In the Control and As-Built cells, leachate head on liner decreased once waste placement stopped. The measured moisture content of the waste samples was consistent with that calculated from the estimate of accumulated liquid by the liquid balance. Additionally, measurements on excavated solid waste samples revealed large spatial variability in waste moisture content. The degree of saturation in the Control cells decreased from 85% to 75%. The degree of saturation increased from 82% to 83% due to liquids addition in the Retrofit cells and decreased back to 80% once liquid addition stopped. In the As-Built cells, the degree of saturation increased from 87% to 97% during filling activities and then started to decrease soon after filling activities stopped to reach 92% at the end of the monitoring period. The measured leachate generation rates were used to estimate an in-place saturated hydraulic conductivity of the MSW in the range of 10^?8 to 10^?7 m s^?1 which is lower than previous reports. In the Control and Retrofit cells, the net loss in liquids, 43 and 12 L Mg^?1, respectively, was similar to the measured settlement of 15% and 5–8% strain, respectively (Abichou et al., 2013). The increase in net liquid volume in the As-Built cells indicates that the 37% (average) measured settlement strain in these cells cannot be due to consolidation as the waste mass did not lose any moisture but rather suggests that settlement was attributable to lubrication of waste particle contacts, softening of flexible porous materials, and additional biological degradation.     

Dynamics of copper and zinc sedimentation in a lagooning system receiving landfill leachate

This study characterises the sediment dredged from a lagooning system composed of a settling pond and three lagoons that receive leachates from a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill in France. Organic carbon, carbonate, iron oxyhydroxides, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were measured in the sediment collected from upstream to downstream in the lagooning system. In order to complete our investigation of sedimentation mechanisms, leachates were sampled in both dry (spring) and wet (winter) seasonal conditions. Precipitation of calcite and amorphous Fe-oxyhydroxides and sedimentation of organic matter occurred in the settling pond. Since different distributions of Zn and Cu concentrations are measured in sediment samples collected downstream in the lagooning system, it is suggested that these elements were not distributed in a similar way in the leachate fractions during the first stage of treatment in the settling pond, so that their sedimentation dynamics in the lagooning system differ. In the lagoons, it was found that organic carbon plays a major role in Cu and Zn mobility and trapping. The presence of macrophytes along the edges provided an input of organic matter that enhanced Cu and Zn scavenging. This edge effect resulted in a two-fold increase in Cu and Zn concentrations in the sediment deposited near the banks of the lagoons, thus confirming the importance of vegetation for the retention of Cu and Zn in lagooning systems.     

固体XM菌剂对生活垃圾减容和除臭的研究

在密闭的容器中考察不同条件下固体XM菌剂对生活垃圾的减容和除臭效果.结果表明,固体XM菌剂不但可防止新鲜生活垃圾变臭,而且对已产生的生活垃圾臭味具有明显的消除效果.固体XM菌剂可使新鲜的生活垃圾在降解过程中仅产生少量臭味,到15 d时基本消失并产生酯香气味,减容量可达46%.用质量分数为3%的固体XM菌剂处理已发臭的生活垃圾,15 d时氨气和硫化氢的释放量分别减少54.8%和49.0%.此外,保持较高的温度以及50%～60%的垃圾含水量,除臭效果最佳.从垃圾降解过程中渗滤液的产生量、澄清度、酸碱度和气味的变化分析得出,固体XM菌剂已成为垃圾发酵过程中的主导菌群,这可能是生活垃圾除臭的根本原因.     

Past, present, and future of MSW landfills in Japan

This article focuses on the historical development of landfill technology since the beginning of the nineteenth century in Japan. The regulations and guidelines that form a framework for the technology are reviewed, and the historical background and the current state of Japanese municipal solid waste (MSW) management are described. Through the analysis of data collected from facility leaflets, changes in the leachate treatment system are surveyed. Finally, the concept of the “sustainable bioreactor landfill with low organics” is proposed.     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液的土壤净化试验

通过研究土壤对垃圾渗滤液的净化作用，确定了采用回灌法处理渗滤液时处理效果与覆土厚度的关系。填埋场的最终６０ｃｍ覆土层可以有效地去除ＣＯＤ达８７．４％左右。     

协同氧化剂在垃圾渗滤液处理中的研究及应用

为了有效控制垃圾渗滤液对水体环境的污染,根据垃圾渗滤液的特点及其主要污染物,采用高效协同氧化剂进行预处理和终端处理。为此,介绍了该工艺流程及其原理,并对具体应用工程进行了处理效果和经济效益分析。其工程处理效果好,COD去除率达到97%,且可达标排放,经济和技术指标亦可行。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理的研究进展

介绍了城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液的不同处理方法(生物处理、物化处理、土地处理)和不同处理工艺的现状。由于渗滤液成分的复杂和多样化,所以常采用组合工艺联合处理,处理工艺流程的选用应符合因地制宜的原则,由填埋场当地的气候特征、周围环境、渗滤液水量、水质特性、处理程度及投资情况决定。最后还指出了渗滤液处理技术的发展趋势。     

混凝—SBR法处理城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液方法的研究

针对城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液的特点 ,提出了混凝—SBR法处理工艺。试验结果表明 ,经该工艺处理的垃圾渗滤液各项指标可达国家规定的排放标准     

武汉市郭茨口垃圾场环境污染调查及评价

本文在采样分析的基础上,对武汉市郭茨口垃圾堆放场进行环境评价,查明了垃圾场对环境的污染主要是渗沥水污染。