白泥对填埋场垃圾降解的影响实验研究

在4个相同的密封聚乙烯塑料罐中,分别装填相同组分和重量的青岛市居民区的生活垃圾,并且在4个罐中按不同比例添加白泥,与垃圾混合均匀。实验模拟填埋场的环境条件。定期监测4个罐渗滤液的水质变化,分析比较白泥的添加及添加量的多少对渗滤液的衰减的影响。实验结果表明,白泥的添加能够向反应系统提供一定数量的碱度,可以防止反应系统因出现酸过度累积而受到抑制,在一定程度上加快了垃圾的降解进程。这不仅对于减轻渗滤液处理设施的负荷、加速填埋场的稳定化起着积极作用,而且可以为白泥的资源化利用提供一个可行的途径。     

GC-MS法对垃圾渗滤液生物处理前后微量有机物的研究

运用GC—MS联用技术对吴江市生活垃圾填埋场的渗滤液及生物处理曝气池出水中的微量有机物进行了检测,测得进水主要有机污染物53种,出水主要有机污染物55种。微量有机物总去除率与CODCr去除率相近。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤水的处理技术

综述了垃圾填埋场渗滤水的生物处理、物化处理、土地处理等技术。特别对渗滤水的生物处理进行了较详细的讨论。     

Treatment of Landfill Leachate Wastewater by Nanofiltration Membrane

Abstract

Nanofiltration (NF) membrane is an alternative lower energy membrane type compared to reverse osmosis membrane. NF is suitable for rejection of ions and molecules with molecular weight greater than 200 Da. In this study leachate wastewater from a sanitary landfill site in Malaysia was filtered through a NF membrane in order to determine the rejection capability of the membrane towards pollutants such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), conductivity, nitrate, ammonia-nitrogen, and heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe. The NF membrane used was HL membrane, which under the atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging, showed visible discrete pores. The overall rejections of the pollutants were more than 85% except for nitrate and ammonia nitrogen. NF can be considered an alternative for advanced filtration especially within a hybrid treatment system combining biological–physical treatment and membrane filtration.     

Integration of multi-channel piezometry and electrical tomography to better define chemical heterogeneity in a landfill leachate plume within a sand aquifer

The Hanai-Bruggeman effective medium theory is used to relate bulk electrical conductivity, measured by surface and cross-borehole images, to fluid electrical conductivity, surface conductance, porosity and the geometry factor, in a medium- to fine-grained sand deposit. The change in bulk EC is caused by the presence of a landfill leachate plume. Repeated electrical images over a period of 16 months indicate that various segments of the plume are moving. The chemical constituents of the leachate plume have been determined by sampling from a bundled piezometer located in the electrical image field. Very close agreement is demonstrated between the fluid EC anomaly and the presence of elevated bulk EC indicating that the electrical images can be used to map the plume geometry and to monitor the movement of the plume segments.     

Phytocapping: An alternative technique to reduce leachate and methane generation from municipal landfills

Avoiding percolation of water into refuse is the key function of landfill covers. ‘Phytocapping’ has been considered as an effective, economical and environment-friendly technique for landfill remediation. In this technique, trees are established on a layer of soil cap placed over the refuse. Soil cover acts as a ‘storage’ and trees act as ‘bio-pump and filters’. For effective functioning of this technique, it is critical that an ‘optimum’ depth of soil is placed over the refuse, and ‘suitable’ plant species are used as plant cover. Preliminary results of a phytocapping trial (using 21 tree species and two depths of soil layers) show that the established trees can remove more water than that received via rainfall and rainfall interception can reduce up to 20% of the rain reaching the soil in a 1.5 year old plantation. The study is also trialling an US numeric model ‘STOMP’ (Subsurface Transport over Multiple Phases), to calculate daily water balance, to identify suitable plant species and to optimise thickness of the soil cover to be used in phytocapping.     

Transient design of landfill liquid addition systems

This study presents the development of design charts that can be used to estimate lateral and vertical spacing of liquids addition devices (e.g., vertical well, horizontal trenches) and the operating duration needed for transient operating conditions (conditions until steady-state operating conditions are achieved). These design charts should be used in conjunction with steady-state design charts published earlier by Jain et al., 2010a, Jain et al., 2010b. The data suggest that the liquids addition system operating time can be significantly reduced by utilizing moderately closer spacing between liquids addition devices than the spacing needed for steady-state conditions. These design charts can be used by designers to readily estimate achievable flow rate and lateral and vertical extents of the zone of impact from liquid addition devices, and analyze the sensitivity of various input variables (e.g., hydraulic conductivity, anisotropy, well radius, screen length) to the design. The applicability of the design charts, which are developed based on simulations of a continuously operated system, was also evaluated for the design of a system that would be operated intermittently (e.g., systems only operated during facility operating hours). The design charts somewhat underestimates the flow rate achieved and overestimates the lateral extent of the zone of impact over an operating duration for an intermittently operated system. The associated estimation errors would be smaller than the margin of errors associated with measurement of other key design inputs such as waste properties (e.g., hydraulic conductivity) and wider variation of these properties at a given site due to heterogeneous nature of waste.     

Emissions of C&D refuse in landfills: A European case

A field study was developed in a new landfill for refuse from construction and demolition (C&D) material recovery plants of small size (4 Ha.) in Europe, with the aim of evaluating the liquid and gas emissions in this type of facility at a large scale. It included characterization of the materials, monitoring leachate and gas quantity and composition. Besides thermometers, piezometers and sampling ports were placed in several points within the waste. This paper presents the data obtained for five years of the landfill life. The materials disposed were mainly made up of wood and concrete, similar to other C&D debris sites, but the amount of gypsum drywall (below 3% of the waste) was significantly smaller than other available studies, where percentages above 20% had been reported. Leachate contained typical C&D pollutants, such as different inorganic ions and metals, some of which exceeded other values reported in the literature (conductivity, ammonium, lead and arsenic). The small net precipitation in the area and the leachate recirculation into the landfill surface help explain these higher concentrations, thus highlighting the impact of liquid to solid (L/S) ratio on leachate characteristics. In contrast to previous studies, neither odor nuisances nor significant landfill gas over the surface were detected. However, gas samples taken from the landfill inside revealed sulfate reducing and methanogenic activity.     

Distribution of organophosphoric acid triesters between water and sediment at a sea-based solid waste disposal site

Organophosphoric acid triester (OPE) concentration levels in water and bottom sediment at the Osaka North Port Sea-Based Solid Waste Disposal Site were investigated, and the behavior of OPEs in the water environment of the waste disposal site was examined. The more highly water-soluble OPEs were frequently detected in raw water. Of the OPEs detected, TCEP and TCPP showed very high concentrations (1.0–90 μg/l), followed by TEP (0.3–10 μg/l) > TBXP (0.8–6.3 μg/l) > TDCPP (0.6–6.2 μg/l) > TBP (0.2–1.5 μg/l) > TPP (<0.1 μg/l). Most OPEs detected in water were eluted from the disposal waste to the water phase immediately and behaved as dissolved forms with no distribution in suspended solids (SS). On the other hand, the less water-soluble OPEs, such as TCP or TEHP, were detected in bottom sediment but hardly at all in water samples. All OPEs were detected at the waste disposal site, within which their concentration levels were uniform. It appeared that the less water-soluble OPEs were present as SS-associated forms and behaved in line with the floating surface sludge at the bottom. Received: July 6, 1998 / Accepted: February 25, 1999     

哈尔滨垃圾堆场内渗滤液的降解行为模拟试验研究

通过对哈尔滨城市生活垃圾的堆放方式进行模拟试验,研究了垃圾堆场内渗滤液的降解行为,并预测出哈尔滨以及在寒冷气候条件下的东北地区渗滤液COD、BOD5和NH3-N浓度达到稳定化至少需要11年.