小麦铝抗性和敏感品系对铝胁迫的生理生化反应

研究了冬小麦Triticum aestivvum L.铝抗性品系T202和铝敏感品系T105幼苗经0，50μmol L^-1，75μmol L^-1，100μmol L^-1和150μmol L^-1铝处理后根部的生理生化变化．结果表明：小麦根生长被严重抑制；酸性磷酸酶活性增强，磷代谢激活；硝酸还原酶受到一定程度的抑制；葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶对铝浓度极其敏感；葡萄糖含量下降；而膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量上升，超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性升高和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量下降．证实：铝胁迫造成了氧化伤害，激活了植物体内的抗氧化系统．分析还表明，T202耐铝的各项指标优于T105，前者的代谢酶活性对铝胁迫的反应更为迅捷，并有良好的能量储备和调动机制来抵御铝胁迫及由此产生的胁迫．图8参14     

酸性硫酸盐土的酸度类型及其测定方法

酸性硫酸盐土是一种广泛分布于沿海低地和矿区的污染源土壤，对生态环境和人类健康具有潜在或实际的负面影响。酸性硫酸盐土中各类酸度是评估酸性硫酸盐土环境风险最重要的指标。酸性硫酸盐土的酸度可分为水溶性酸度、吸持性酸度和金属硫化物起源潜在酸度等3种类型。文章根据最新的研究结果，简要地介绍酸性硫酸盐土的酸度类型及其测定方法。     

Sexually differentiated functions of female-produced pheromone of the black chafer <Emphasis Type="Italic">Holotrichia loochooana loochooana</Emphasis> (Sawada) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Summary. Both male and female Holotrichia loochooana loochooana (Sawada) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were attracted with female-produced pheromone, anthranilic acid (2-aminobenzoic acid), in the field. Male chafers were observed to apparently directly locate cotton balls impregnated with 1 to 10 mg of pheromone. In contrast, females never directly oriented to the treated balls but landed 0.2-1.5 m away and exposed their abdominal glands in a calling posture, which occasionally resulted in aggregation of both females and males. This suggested the mating aggregation of this species could be primarily induced by pheromone released by females. A hypothesis for adaptability of female aggregation is proposed and discussed.     

酸性硫酸盐土鳗塘水体防酸技术

为了克服生产实际中用石灰调节鳗塘水体酸性的弊端,利用石灰石石屑防御酸性物质入侵,效果特别好。水体pH维持在7～8的恒定水平;相关溶解氧含量也适合鳗鱼生长的需要:水草生长茂盛;经济效益可观。     

曲霉sp.136的化学成分研究

从曲霉sp.136的固体发酵物中分离得到6个化合物.应用波谱分析及与已知品对照的手段将它们鉴定为烟曲霉酸(1)、(20S,22E,24R)-5α,8α-表二氧-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(2)、β-谷甾醇(3)、(2S,3S,4R)-2-[(2′R)-2′-羟基二十四烷酰氨基]-1,3,4-三羟基十八烷(4)、4-羟基苯乙酸(5)和烟碱酸(6).图1参5     

酸沉降影响下重庆马尾松林的健康监测及调控技术研究

酸沉降影响下重庆马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林的衰退一直受到研究者的重视,并取得一定成果,但森林健康监测和调控技术等方面的研究还很少。以重庆铁山坪马尾松纯林为研究对象,采用欧洲叶量损失率的划分标准,选择叶量损失率为0～20%、20%～40%、40%～60%和60%～99%的优势木,分析其树冠下的土壤化学性质及针叶元素含量;采用随机区组设计,设立在土壤表面撒施石灰石粉0(不撒施石灰石粉,对照)、1、2、3和4t·hm-25个处理,探讨不同石灰石粉剂量处理对优势木针叶元素含量和生长的影响。结果表明:不同叶量损失率的马尾松优势木树冠下的土壤化学性质基本相似,0～60cm土层的pH平均值在3.59～3.80,盐基饱和度平均值低于10%,土壤严重酸化,随叶量损失率的增加,一年生针叶内K、Na、Ca、Mg、Al、P、S、N等元素含量并无明显差异。针叶内P缺乏是营养限制因子。撒施石灰石粉165d后,1、2、3t·hm-2处理的优势木一年生针叶中P、Mg含量增加,增幅以2t·hm-2处理最高,比对照分别增加30.26%和12.65%;所有撒施石灰石粉处理的N含量增加,Ca含量有增有减,变化规律不明显。撒施石灰石粉一年后,各处理优势木的树高和胸径生长量增加,针叶损失率下降,主轴顶梢长度和一年生针叶长度增加。短期内从一年生针叶中P、Mg含量及林木生长和健康情况变化综合来看,石灰石粉一次撒施量以2t·hm-2效果最佳。     

甘蓝型油菜脂肪酸链延长酶基因FAE1的克隆与原核表达

脂肪酸延长酶1(FAE1)是广泛存在于植物中并定位于内质网上的一种能催化脂肪酸碳链延长的酮脂酰CoA合成酶.根据Genbank上已知的植物FAE1基因设计引物,以从甘蓝型油菜叶片中提取的总DNA为模板,进行PCR扩增,获得了1380bp的片段.回收该片段,并连接到pMD18-T载体测序.序列比对结果说明了该片段与植物中已知的FAE1序列有极高的相似性,并且不存在内含子序列.将该片段通过高保真酶扩增,EcoRⅠ酶切消化后定向克隆到pGEX-2T表达载体中,在IPTG诱导下于28℃表达出Mr76×103的蛋白质条带.用兔抗GST多克隆抗体做第一抗体进行Western-blot检测,并获得阳性检测结果.这为甘蓝型油菜脂肪酸链延长酶基因FAE1功能的进一步研究奠定了基础.图4表1参14     

用荧光光谱研究腐殖酸与金属离子Al^3＋的配合作用

用同步荧光法对两种来源不同的腐殖酸与金属离子Ａｌ＾３＋的配合作用进行了研究,采用非线性回归分析,用荧光强度变化数据,拟合出金属配合物（１：１）的条件稳定常数Ｋ,在配合滴定进行的同时,探讨了溶液在５００ｎｍ处的瑞利散射现象。     

Phylogenetic,ecological, and ontogenetic factors influencing the biochemical structure of the blubber of odontocetes

To explore ecological, phylogenetic, and developmental factors affecting the structure of blubber in Odontocetes (toothed whales), lipid composition of this specialized adipose tissue was determined in 260 specimens (30 species representing all families except the river dolphins), most of which were collected between 1995 and 2005, from all over the world. In most odontocetes, blubber contained primarily triacylglycerols; the blubber of beaked and sperm whales was dominated by wax esters (WE), exhibiting ontogenetic patterns of deposition. WEs may represent an adaptation to deep diving for marine mammals that do not rely on blubber for stored energy. Fatty acid (FA) composition was stratified through blubber depth, with higher concentrations of dietary FA in the inner and endogenous FA in the outer layers of the blubber. Stratification can be considered a characteristic feature of odontocetes, and is likely the result of differential metabolism through the blubber. Small body size appears to constrain blubber lipid content to be high. Thermal habitat also represents an important selective pressure for blubber composition. Species inhabiting colder waters exhibited both higher lipid content and increased FA stratification in blubber, compared to species from warm/tropical habitats. The isolation of mobilization to inner blubber may permit metabolic enzymes to function without limitation by lower temperatures. The variation in composition and distribution of blubber lipids in odontocetes suggests that different species may have evolved slightly diverse arrays of secondary functions for this specialized tissue as adaptations for specific ecological niches. Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.     

三维电极对水中染料降解脱色处理

研究了在传统二维电解槽的铁板电极之间填充锰砂并鼓气搅拌，得到三相三维电极流化床反应器，对比两种反应器对酸性大红3R染色模拟废水降解脱色作用，考察了槽电压、支持电解质质量浓度、反应时间等因素对两种反应器处理染料脱色率的影响。实验表明，这些因素对酸性大红3R的降解脱色均有不同程度的影响，在相同条件下，三相三维电极流化床反应器比二维电极电解槽的处理脱色速度快和处理效率高，在不同处理时间内，脱色率可提高30％～50％。紫外-可见光吸收光谱分析表明，该方法不仅能对酸性大红3R的生色基团进行降解脱色，且对萘环不饱和共轭体系也具有破坏降解作用。