Assessing the impact of fungicide enostroburin application on bacterial community in wheat phyllosphere

Fungicides have been used extensively for controlling fungal pathogens of plants. However, little is known regarding the effects that fungicides upon the indigenous bacterial communities within the plant phyllosphere. The aims of this study were to assess the impact of fungicide enostroburin upon bacterial communities in wheat phyllosphere. Culture-independent methodologies of 16S rDNA clone library and 16S rDNA directed polymerase chain reaction with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) were used for monitoring the change of bacterial community. The 16S rDNA clone library and PCR-DGGE analysis both confirmed the microbial community of wheat plant phyllosphere were predominantly of the γ-Proteobacteria phyla. Results from PCR-DGGE analysis indicated a significant change in bacterial community structure within the phyllosphere following fungicide enostroburin application. Bands sequenced within control cultures were predominantly of Pseudomonas genus, but those bands sequenced in the treated samples were predominantly strains of Pantoea genus and Pseudomonas genus. Of interest was the appearance of two DGGE bands following fungicide treatment, one of which had sequence similarities (98%) to Pantoea sp. which might be a competitor of plant pathogens. This study revealed the wheat phyllosphere bacterial community composition and a shift in the bacterial community following fungicide enostroburin application.     

Effect of nutrient level on phytoplankton community structure in di erent water bodies

Increasing levels of pollution within water bodies can cause eutrophication and an associated rapid growth in and reproduction of phytoplankton. Although most frequently occurring in bodies of water such as lakes and dams, in recent years an increasing number of river systems in China have suffered serious algal blooms. The community structure of phytoplankton may differ, however, dependent on the hydrodynamic conditions and nutrient levels within the water body. The field investigation results obtained fro...     

Comparative study of microbial community structure in different filter media of constructed wetland

Comparisons of microbial community structure, in eight filter media of zeolites, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter media, gravel, steel slag and bio-ceramic, were undertaken by analyzing the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition. A total of 20 fatty acids in the range of C_(11) to C_(20) were determined but only 13 PLFAs were detected in steel slag. They consist of saturated fatty acids, branched fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The variation of fatty acids was revealed in the relative proportions of these fatty acids in different media. The aerobic prokaryotes were the predominant group in all media. The PLFA composition showed significant differences among the eight different media by Tukey's honestly test. It was found that steel slag was significantly different in the microbial community as compared to other filter media, probably due to its alkaline effluent. Steel slag alone is probably not a good choice of substratum in constructed wetlands. The principle components analysis (PCA) showed that zeolites, bio-ceramic, shale and vermiculite had a similar microbial community structure while steel slag and ceramic filter media were distinct from other media.     

白音锡勒牧场草原植物群落的数量分析

采用双向指示种分析（Two—Way Indicator Species Analysis,TWINSPAN）和无趋势对应分析（Detrended Correspondence Analysis,DCA）技术,对白音锡勒牧场2004年和2005年的48个样点的草原植物群落调查数据进行分析。结果表明：1．TWINSAN分类与DCA排序具有高度的一致性,吻合度达83％,输出结果准确可信;2．研究区域有草甸草原和典型草原两种草原类型,其中在典型草原内可划分为五个植物群落类型,即1）大针茅（Stipa grandis）＋羊草（Leymus chinensis）＋糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）群落;2）克氏针茅（Stipa krylovii）＋糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）＋冰草（Agropyron cirstatum）群落;3）冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）＋糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）＋大针茅（Stipa grandis）群落;4）糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）＋冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）＋一、二年生植物（annual—biennial）群落;5）星毛委陵菜（Potentilla tanacetifolia）＋糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）＋一、二年生植物（annual-biennial）群落,这五个植物群落类型反映了典型草原植物群落退化演替序列;3．研究区不同植物群落类型的物种数量、生态种组类型等不同。冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）＋糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）＋大针茅（Stipa grandis）群落为研究区植物群落退化演替中的中度退化阶段,物种数量最多,生态种组类型最多,样点间差异较大。     

生物监测在水环境中的应用及存在问题探讨

生物监测是未来一类重要的环境监测方法,但由于其方法本身、技术的原因,限制了其应用。介绍了生物监测的两大类方法：群落监测和生物测试,总结了这两类生物监测方法在水环境评价、规划、灾害预报、水质监测、水质标准制定及污染物排放监测中的应用,并从技术、方法、结果应用等角度对生物监测在实际应用中存在的问题进行了讨论。     

川东北社区生态旅游发展探讨

社区生态旅游是将社区发展融入到生态旅游中,以保证社区的利益和环境保护的双赢。本文探讨川东北社区参与生态旅游的重要意义及社区生态旅游发展存在的问题,提出了在川东北发展社区生态旅游的模式和措施,对社区生态旅游走可持续发展道路具有一定的指导作用,特别是对于落后地区的旅游资源开发或待发展的地区起借鉴作用。     

邻苯二甲酸酯对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响

邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）是存在最广泛的有机有毒污染物之一.利用BIOLOG和ARDRA方法,分别考察了不同浓度PAEs对土壤微生物代谢多样性和遗传多样性的影响.结果表明,不同浓度PAEs处理的土壤的平均颜色变化率（AWCD）值随时间增加的幅度不同,PAEs浓度越高、AWCD值增幅越小,对微生物代谢活性的抑制作用越大;不同浓度PAEs处理样品中微生物群落生理代谢活性和碳代谢类群表现出明显差异,空白和低浓度土壤微生物以糖类和羧酸类代谢群为优势类群,而中浓度和高浓度土壤微生物以多胺类代谢群为优势类群;主成分分析也显示碳代谢类型出现差异,PC1就能将4个样品很好地分开,与PC1正相关程度较高的碳源有L-天冬酰胺酸、 4-羟基苯甲酸和D-苹果酸,负相关的碳源有D-半乳糖醛酸、i-赤藻糖醇、γ-羟基丁酸和1-磷酸葡萄糖.ARDRA带型分析表明不同的土壤样品的多样性指数随着PAEs浓度的增加而增加,短时间内PAEs能增加土壤微生物群落的代谢多样性.     

Performance of microbiological control by a point-of-use filter system for drinking water purification

Purification capacity of a faucet mounted type water filter for home use was evaluated, particularly with regard to microbiological performance under di erent running conditions. Biofilms were formed inside the filter, a ecting the bacterial quality of the e uent water. Low flow rate, long stagnation period and high filter temperature were found favorable for bacterial growth inside. By commercial analytical profile index (API) kits, ten di erent bacterial species were identified in drinking water, four of which were probably contributed to the biofilm formation since they were also present in the biofilm. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to confirm the API identification results, and direct viable count (DVC) method was employed to improve the sensitivity of FISH for the isolated Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas putida as models. Relationship between the filter operating condition and the bacterial community alteration was partly revealed, which could provide the basic knowledge for the filter design and its practical use.     

底泥疏浚对竺山湖底栖生物群落结构变化及水质影响

结合2008年年底在竺山湖进行的底泥清淤工程,调查了底泥疏浚6个月后对大型底栖动物的群落结构的影响及水质变化.结果表明,疏浚区和未疏浚区底栖动物均以霍普水丝蚓、摇蚊和铜锈环棱螺3种生物为主;同未疏浚区相比,疏浚后生物多样性降低,但生物量增加.受外源污染影响,上覆水体中TN、TP含量变化幅度分别为1.64～4.45mg/L和0.133～0.258mg/L,较高的水体营养盐含量,使得疏浚后的新生底泥仍处于营养盐较高的状态,从而使得底栖动物群落组成以生活于污染较重的物种为主.采用Shannon-Weaver、Simpson和Goodnight指数对底栖生物进行评价,结果表明疏浚区处于中度污染,未疏浚区处于中-重度污染状态.结合底栖动物调查和水质监测结果,只有在严格控制外源污染对水体的影响后,底泥疏浚才能起到应有的作用.     

强化生物除磷系统微生物群落结构对水温变化响应的试验研究

在富集聚磷菌(PAOs)且具有较高磷去除率的强化生物除磷(EBPR)系统中,通过对系统水温的控制,研究了EBPR系统微生物群落结构对温度升高和恢复的响应.结果表明,运行温度上升后,EBPR系统除磷效率急速下降.处理水温为25℃和30℃的系统恢复至20℃运行后能够恢复至原始的良好除磷状态,而处理水温为35℃的系统崩溃(磷...