我国电子废弃物现状研究

依据我国家电生产消费数据,对我国电子垃圾产生量进行了预测,认为中国目前正处于电子垃圾高速增长期。通过对电子废弃物处理技术现状的介绍和对我国电子废弃物处理现状的分析,认为我国电子废弃物处理仍处于很低的水平,目前我国符合环保和市场要求的电子废弃物处理企业不能满足我国目前电子废弃物快速增长的需要,迫切需要开发符合我国国情、有市场竞争力的电子废弃物处理工艺。贵稀金属作为国民经济发展不可缺少的资源,随着资源的开采,矿床的贫乏,开采成本的提高,从电子废弃物中回收贵稀金属将具有长远的战略意义。     

钢板力学性能对FLD0影响的试验研究

对上海宝钢公司生产的15种冷轧冲压用钢进行了力学和FLD试验,探讨了σs/σb、δ、n值、r值对成形极限平面应变特征点(FLD0)的影响.研究表明FLD0随σs/σb上升而下降,随着δ、n值、r值的上升而提高.在板材力学性能指标中,n值对FLD0的影响最为显著.     

山梨醇型凝油剂的制备与性能

介绍了山梨醇型凝油剂的制备方法，以及其胶凝轻质渍及类油物质的性质。结果表明，此类凝油剂对汽油，柴油，机油以及基苯及苯系有机溶剂等的去除率达９０％以上。经生物毒性试验表明，不会对水中鱼类产生毒性效应，凝油后油凝体硬度可达３．９×１０＾４－９．８×１０＾４Ｐａ。可用于各种轻质油及类油物质泄漏等突发性事故的应急处理。     

高压水射流计算机模拟可视化初探

在分析射流参数解析解的基础上,结合前人提出的有关经验公式,利用可视化软件工具和可视化图形工具,对高压水射流的射流结构和射流参数进行可视化模拟。阐明了模拟可视化的必要性和可行性,提出了可视化模拟在高压水射流技术研究上的几个可能的发展方向。     

Effects of mechanical fracturing and experimental trampling on Hawaiian corals

In situ trampling occurred under experimental conditions to quantify the differences in the responses to anthropogenic trampling in four dominant species of Hawaiian corals, Porites compressa, Porites lobata, Montipora capitata, and Pocillopora meandrina. Trampling was simulated daily for a period of nine days at which time further breakage was minimal. Forty treatment colonies produced 559 fragments. Trampling was followed by an 11-month recovery period. Coral colony and fragment mortality was low. All four species were highly tolerant of inflicted damage, suggesting that some species of corals can withstand limited pulse events that allow time for recovery. Growth rates following trampling were significantly lower in the treatment groups for three of the four species. This study demonstrated that very few trampling events can produce significant changes in growth even after a long recovery period. Survivorship of fragments is clearly size- and species-dependent in M. capitata and P. compressa. Smaller fragments (<5 cm) had higher mortality than larger fragments (>5 cm). High breakage rates for M. capitata and P. compressa are consistent with the nearshore, low-energy regions they inhabit—the same environment frequented by skin divers and waders. Mechanical tests were conducted to determine tensile and compressive strengths. Pocillopora meandrina exhibited the strongest skeletal strength, followed in decreasing order by Porites lobata, Porites compressa, and Montipora capitata. The skeletal strength obtained from the experiments correlate with the wave energy present in the environments in the regions they inhabit, suggesting that structural strength of corals is an adaptive response to hydraulic stress.     

多孔零件水射流清洗机研制

根据生产需要，我们研制了“水射流自动清洗机”，采用水射流技术与清洗剂相结合，完成工序间、装配前的机械零件（尤其带有小孔、盲孔等多孔零件）的清洗，取得了普通清洗方法难以达到的清洗效果。该机在国内同类型清洗机中，首先采用水射流技术，全部流程，由ＰＣ机控制，加上水循环处理系统，其清洗自动化程度高，清洗速度快，清洗液消耗少，在实际生产中取得了良好效果。     

机械处理废弃印刷线路板

分析了废弃印刷线路板的特点，介绍了机械处理的方法，及国外机械处理废弃印刷线路板的实践和进展。     

Carbon storage potential in natural fiber composites

The environmental performance of hemp based natural fiber mat thermoplastic (NMT) has been evaluated in this study by quantifying carbon storage potential and CO₂ emissions and comparing the results with commercially available glass fiber composites. Non-woven mats of hemp fiber and polypropylene matrix were used to make NMT samples by film-stacking method without using any binder aid. The results showed that hemp based NMT have compatible or even better strength properties as compared to conventional flax based thermoplastics. A value of 63 MPa for flexural strength is achieved at 64% fiber content by weight. Similarly, impact energy values (84–154 J/m) are also promising. The carbon sequestration and storage by hemp crop through photosynthesis is estimated by quantifying dry biomass of fibers based on one metric ton of NMT. A value of 325 kg carbon per metric ton of hemp based composite is estimated which can be stored by the product during its useful life. An extra 22% carbon storage can be achieved by increasing the compression ratio by 13% while maintaining same flexural strength. Further, net carbon sequestration by industrial hemp crop is estimated as 0.67 ton/h/year, which is compatible to all USA urban trees and very close to naturally, regenerated forests. A comparative life cycle analysis focused on non-renewable energy consumption of natural and glass fiber composites shows that a net saving of 50 000 MJ (3 ton CO₂ emissions) per ton of thermoplastic can be achieved by replacing 30% glass fiber reinforcement with 65% hemp fiber. It is further estimated that 3.07 million ton CO₂ emissions (4.3% of total USA industrial emissions) and 1.19 million m³ crude oil (1.0% of total Canadian oil consumption) can be saved by substituting 50% fiber glass plastics with natural fiber composites in North American auto applications. However, to compete with glass fiber effectively, further research is needed to improve natural fiber processing, interfacial bonding and control moisture sensitivity in longer run.     

Q235钢在火灾条件下的力学性能研究

在试验的基础上,对建筑中常用的Q235铜在火灾条件下的力学性能进行了研究,获得了Q235钢的屈服强度、极限强度、弹性模量、极限应变等力学性能随温度变化而变化的规律,并对影响Q235钢力学性能的因素进行了分析。     

Critical aspects for collision induced oil spill response and recovery system in ice conditions: A model-based analysis

The recovery effectiveness for oil spills in ice conditions depends on a complex system and has not been studied in depth, especially not from a system risk control perspective. This paper aims to identify the critical aspects in the oil spill system to enable effective oil spill recovery. First, a method is developed to identify critical elements in a Bayesian Network model, based on an uncertainty-based risk perspective. The method accounts for sensitivity and the strength of evidence, which are assessed for the different Bayesian Network model features. Then, a Bayesian Network model for the mechanical oil spill recovery system is developed for the Finnish oil spill response fleet, contextualized for representative collision accident scenarios. This model combines information about representative sea ice conditions, ship-ship collisions and their associated oil outflow, the oil dispersion and spreading in the ice conditions, and the oil spill response and recovery of the fleet. Finally, the critical factors are identified by applying the proposed method to the developed oil spill response system model. The identified most critical system factors relates collision aspect: Forcing Representative Scenario, Representative Accident Location, Impact Speed, Impact Location, Impact Angle and response aspect: Response Vessel Operability.