利用克氏螯虾触角电位监测水体Hg2+污染的研究

随着工业的发展,水体污染日趋严重。一定量的重金属对生物体和人体的生理生化功能具有多方面的毒性作用。水环境中高浓度的Hg²⁺对生物的危害极大,无机汞中又以HgCl₂为最。在水污染生物监测的研究领域内,国外已有用螯虾作为实验动物的报道。然而,迄今尚未见有Hg²⁺影响淡水螯虾触角感觉功能的报道。     

汞、镉对水螅细胞重聚体的毒性及其分析

应用HgCl_2、CdCl_2对水螅细胞重聚体进行了毒性作用的研究。结果表明,Hg~(2+)、Cd~(2+)使其重聚体细胞解离的起始浓度为0.2ppm、5ppm。重聚体解离的时间与Hg~(2+)、Cd~(2+)的浓度密切相关。因此,有可能根据水螅细胞重聚体的变化应用于水生毒理学的检测和评估。     

贵州省赫章县土法炼锌过程中汞的释放量初步研究

对赫章县铅锌矿石、冶炼矿渣、煤、煤渣中汞含量进行了测定．结果表明,矿石中汞含量与锌含量存在显的正相关关系．基于上述测定结果并运用质量平衡法则,计算出不同类型矿石原料在冶炼过程中向大气的释汞因子：硫化矿为每生产It的Zn向大气释放155g的Hg;氧化矿为每生产It的Zn向大气释放79g的Hg．结合上述释放因子,对赫章土法炼锌过程中汞释放量进行了估算。     

三峡库区燃煤,土壤和水库底泥中含汞量分布特征

详细研究了长江三峡库区燃煤，土壤和沉积物中汞的分布特征，以及湖泊沉积物中不同形态汞的含量，探讨了水库汞污染加重原因。     

Estimation of heavy metal emission fluxes on the territory of the NIS

As the result of our research, the specific procedures to use emission factor methodology were developed and applied for trace metal emission evaluation into the atmosphere over the territory of the former Soviet Union. The existing data on heavy metal emissions were revised as background information from official sources and expert estimations. Source categories and different initial information as well as the concept of spatial emission distribution were defined and observed. The calculated atmospheric emissions of lead, cadmium and mercury were produced among the main source categories of 12 NIS countries for 1990, 1995 and 1997, using modified emission coefficients.Total cadmium emissions into the atmosphere from determined source categories were estimated as 388.4 tonnes in 1990 for the whole domain with reduction by up to 207.0 tonnes per year for 1997. Mercury emissions were estimated as equal to 303.2 tonnes in 1990 and 159.8 tonnes in 1997. Lead emission amounted to 24903.0 tonnes in 1990, and 9652.5 tonnes in 1997.The results of the evaluation demonstrated the general trends of atmospheric heavy metal emissions with a greater decrease during the first half of the 1990s followed later by the rather stable level to be explained by recession in industrial activity and fuel consumption in NIS in that period. The significant spatial variations of atmospheric emissions over vast territories are described based on the results of their distribution according to 1×1 degree grid with remarkably higher values in the location of industrial cities.     

Does salt water intrusion constitute a mercury contamination risk for coastal fresh water aquifers?

Four different sampling surveys were carried out in 1998 to evaluate the possible causes of severe mercury contamination involving many wells spread over a vast territory along the coast of southern Tuscany (Italy). Several samples of groundwater and coastal sea water were collected to determine the Hg, Cl, Ar, He and N contents. Anthropogenic or deep-seated sources of the Hg involved in the contamination event can be excluded. The observed coupling of Hg pollution with progressive salt water intrusion along the coastal aquifer indicates a close causal relation between these two phenomena.     

固态合成粉煤灰类脱硫吸附剂的脱硫活性测试

固态合成的粉煤灰吸附剂的脱硫活性测试结果表明 ,30 0℃得到的无定形硅铝钠高效脱硫剂 (FA NSA)在 5 0 0℃的脱硫温度下 ,穿透和饱和硫容分别为 64 6mg·g- 1 和 1 34 0mg·g- 1 ;穿透和饱和效率分别为 46 3%和 96 2 % .     

载银活性炭法处理含汞废气

对工业生产作业车间中的含汞废气，采用气相导流－纤维体过滤－载银活性炭吸汞净化工艺，可使车间操作空间的含汞浓度０．１０～０．７０ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，降低到＜０．０７ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，治理效率＞９５％，经处理后的空气中含汞浓度低于国家标准允许排放的浓度值。     

从废旧锌锰电池中回收汞和铵的工艺研究

针对废旧锌锰电池中汞分散存在给回收处理废旧锌锰电池工作完全回收汞所带来的困难 ,利用汞和铵的性质特点 ,找到了从废旧锌锰电池中集中回收汞和铵的工艺条件 ,为废旧锌锰电池的资源化和防止二次污染创造了有利条件。     

机动车排放检测运行体系的相关研究

机动车污染物排放标准与其检测方法是相辅相成的，不同的机动车检测方法对应不同的机动车排放污染物限值。该文主要对机动车排放检测运行体系中的怠速和简易工况检测方法进行了对比性研究，并对机动车实施常规检测的年检和监督手段的路检进行了对比分析，从而得出：工况法检测对于尾气排放情况的模拟要优于怠速法检测，并可对NOx进行有效控制，所以建议在有条件的地区，应该尽量实施工况法检测：年检和路检的数据有较大的差异，反映出对在用车的监督不力，今后应加强；高排放车辆的贡献率所占的比例与发达国家相比太小，说明机动车总体控制水平较低。