蜂窝煤燃烧氟污染的控制

以碳酸钙为固氟添加剂,以炉渣及粉煤灰等低氟材料取代全部或部分粘土作为粘结剂来制作蜂窝煤,进行了燃煤降氟的试验研究.结果表明,添加碳酸钙能有效降低蜂窝煤燃烧时候的氟排放,当煤:粘土:CaCO3的质量比为70:17:13时,碳酸钙的固氟效果最佳,氟的排放率可降低64.1%.以炉渣为粘结剂制作蜂窝煤能够显著降低燃烧时向外界排放的氟化物量,当煤:炉渣:CaCO3为80:8:12时,蜂窝煤燃烧排氟量较小且趋于稳定.已拌有一定剂量粉煤灰粘结剂的煤中添加15%的粘土后碳酸钙的固氟效果明显改善,当煤:粘土:粉煤灰:CaCO3为70:15:9:6时固氟效果最佳,此时蜂窝煤氟逸出率仅为18.2%,氟的减排率达到77.9%,显著优于未添加粘土时碳酸钙的固氟效果,蜂窝煤添加碳酸钙固氟剂进行高效固氟时,需同时适当增加粉煤灰加入量,以稳定固氟剂的高温固氟效果.     

铈改性Al_2O_3担载Pd催化剂的CO氧化性能研究

浸渍法制备了Al2O3+CeO2为载体的Pd催化剂,对制备中各因素对催化剂效果的影响作了初步研究.考察了活性组分含量与催化荆性能的关系以及焙烧温度、水蒸气对催化剂活性的影响.结果表明,稀土Ce元素的存在使催化剂的性能得到明显改善.制备过程中焙烧步骤对催化剂的活性影响很大,催化剂制备必须高于600 ℃焙烧.     

碱激发胶凝材料及其固化Pb~(2+)的试验研究

对碱激胶凝材料(碱-偏高岭土、碱-矿渣和碱-粉煤灰)与水-水泥体系固化Pb2+进行了试验研究,其中水-水泥体系为对比样.结果表明:对于相同稠度的碱激发胶凝材料,即使Pb2+含量达到2.4%,除了碱-粉煤灰的抗压强度略低外,其他都达到30 MPa以上,满足填埋或做建筑基材的使用要求;与水泥相比,碱激发胶凝材料能显著降低重金属离子(Pb2+)浸出浓度,其规律性与其NH4+交换容量大小的规律性一致,与其固化体的抗压强度的大小没有相关性.     

大连市中心区O3污染特征分析

本文采用2007年大连市环境自动监测数据,分析了城市中心区O3的污染特征。结果表明：O3质量浓度的最大值出现在午后15：00—17：00,比太阳辐射强度最大值的出现时间滞后2h左右;O3质量浓度的季节性变化十分显著,春夏季较高,秋季次之,冬季最低;汽车尾气是近地面O3污染的主要原因。     

MSBR法处理焦化废水

焦化废水成分复杂,是一种较难处理的工业废水.试验采用MSBR法对其进行处理,考察了5组水力停留时问(66h,39h,28 h,20 h,17 h)下不同反应阶段(厌氧池、缺氧池、好氧池、SBR出水)对水样的处理效果.结果显示,HRT总为66h条件下.CODCr去除率为82%,效果相对最好,并且每组HRT下焦化废水中的CODCr均是在 MSBR系统前置的厌/缺氧池(A2)已得到大幅度去除.但硝化作用受到抑制,NH3-N的去除效果并不明显.     

乌鲁木齐市米东区恶臭气体NH3和H2S污染特征分析

为了了解和评价乌鲁木齐市米东区恶臭气体污染现状,2007年冬季对该地区NH3和H2S网格布点采样,用气相色谱法分析,并运用GIS等工具对NH3和H2S污染物来源及其影响因素进行综合分析评价。结果表明,该地区NH3和H2S污染严重,其浓度分别为其他地区的5倍和1．6倍,且污染物扩散能力较弱。     

Development of a highly sensitive extractive spectrophotometric method for the determination of nickel(II) from environmental matrices using N-ethyl-3-carbazolecarboxaldehyde-3-thiosemicarbazone

Nickel(II) reacts with N-ethyl-3-carbazolecarboxaldehyde-3-thiosemicarbazone (ECCT) and forms a yellow colored complex, which was extracted into n-butanol from sodium acetate and acetic acid buffer at pH 6.0. The absorbance value of the Ni(II)-ECCT complex was measured at different intervals of time at 400nm, to ascertain the time stability of the complex. The extraction of the complex into the solvent was instantaneous and stable for more than 72h. The system obeyed Beer's law in the concentration range of 1.2-5.6mugml(-1) of nickel(II), with an excellent linearity and a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of the extracted species were found to be 1.114x10(4)Lmol(-1)cm(-1) and 5.29x10(-3)mugcm(-2) at 400nm, respectively. Hence, a detailed study of the extraction of nickel(II) with ECCT has been undertaken with a view to developing a rapid and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric method for the determination of nickel(II) when present alone or in the presence of diverse ions which are usually associated with nickel(II) in environmental matrices like soil and industrial effluents. Various standard alloy samples (CM 247 LC, IN 718, BCS 233, 266, 253 and 251) have been tested for the determination of nickel for the purpose of validation of the present method. The results of the proposed method are comparable with those from atomic absorption spectrometry and were found to be in good agreement.     

Scenario-visualization for the assessment of perceived green space qualities at the urban-rural fringe

The provision of green space is increasingly being perceived as an important factor for quality of life. However, green spaces often face high developmental pressure. The main objective of this study is to investigate a prospective approach to green space planning by combining three-dimensional (3D) visualization of green space scenarios and survey techniques to facilitate improved participation of the public. Aside from the ‘Status quo’, scenarios ‘Agriculture’, ‘Recreation’, ‘Nature conservation’ and ‘Wind turbines’ are visualized in three dimensions. In order to test responses, a survey was conducted both in print format and on the Internet. Overall, 49 different visualizations that belong to one of the scenarios were available in the survey and were rated according to the perceived esthetic, recreational and ecological values.The highest rated scenes include vegetation elements such as meadows with orchards, single trees, shrubs or forest. The least attractive scenes are those where buildings are highly dominant or where there are no vegetation elements.Based on the ratings for the individual images and on the corresponding scenarios, our study shows that there is high potential for improving the existing landscape. All suggested changes are either rated about equal to or considerably higher than the status quo, with the scenario ‘Nature conservation’ receiving the highest scores.     

Co3O4/介孔分子筛催化剂对苯催化完全氧化的研究

分别以介孔分子筛MCM-41、MCM-48、SBA-15为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了氧化钴/介孔分子筛催化剂,利用N₂吸附、X射线衍射、程序升温还原等技术对催化剂进行了表征,考察了Co₃O₄的负载量及载体的孔结构对催化剂完全催化氧化苯的性能的影响。结果表明,Co₃O₄的负载量为20%时,催化剂的催化活性最好;载体的孔径和催化剂的可还原性能是影响催化活性的主要因素,催化剂活性顺序为Co₃O₄ /SBA-15> Co₃O₄ /MCM41> Co₃O₄ /MCM-48。     

大气光化学烟雾反应机理比较(Ⅰ)O3和NOx的比较

在相同初始和排放条件下,对四种应用较广的光化学烟雾反应机理(CB4-99,RADM2,RACM,SAPRC99)进行了比较.研究发现对于O3,在低VOCs/NOx时,四种机理模拟结果相关较小,平均相对标准偏差为7%,在高VOCs/NOx时,平均相对标准偏差为26%,差距较大;对于NOx,多数情况下RACM和RADM2的模拟结果较高,CB4-99和SAPRC99的模拟值偏低,其原因主要来源于不同机理中O3的生成对NOx及VOCs的敏感性不同而造成的.在用模式模拟O3和NOx时,应特别注意机理不同而带来的模拟结果差异.