好氧颗粒污泥处理高浓度氨氮废水的研究

在不同接种源污泥颗粒化过程中污泥理化性状对比研究的基础上,采用成熟好氧颗粒污泥处理高浓度氨氮废水,对其脱氮行为以及不同C/N条件下好氧颗粒污泥微生物的比耗氧速率、好氧颗粒污泥对氨氮的比降解速率随时间的变化等进行了研究.实验结果表明,在进水氨氮质量浓度较高(480 mg/L)、温度30℃左右的条件下,稳定运行15 d,氨氮的去除率维持在85%左右;进水氨氮的浓度越高,随着微生物对环境的逐渐适应,硝化菌的活性也逐步增加;随着进水氨氮浓度的提高,好氧颗粒污泥对氨氮的比降解速率也逐渐上升.     

皮革含铬废水加碱处理研究

用加碱沉淀法处理制革铬鞣废水时 ,MgO CaO(1∶4 ,w∶w)取得较好的处理效果 ,其机理包括调节pH与混凝沉淀。铬鞣废水Cr3+ 和色度去除率大于 99% ,SS去除率大于 87% ,但COD去除率只有 4 7% ,主要依靠协同沉降。混合废水处理效果也很好 ,但铬泥沉降较差。有机杂质的存在较大地影响了Cr3+ 的去除 ,一定量的SS有利于铬泥的沉降。     

氨氮水样的稳定性试验

对采集于聚乙烯塑料瓶内的氨氮地表水样，应立即加入盐酸，使pH值≤2进行现场固定，分别于2～5℃恒温冷藏保存，与20．28℃室温保存，每隔48h检测，连续检测一个月。检测结果统计表明，两种保存方法的测试结果基本一致，氨氮水样在一个月内的检测值基本恒定，水样表现稳定。     

Development of GC capillary column for isomer-specific separation of toxic isomer of PCDDs and PCDFs in environmental samples

Analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) has been performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analysis of the most toxic isomers, in particular, 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/PCDF in the presence of other isomers requires a special isomer specific capillary column or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation prior to GC-MS analysis. Commercially available long (>50 m) polar columns can separate 2,3,7,8-TCDD from other tetra isomers. However, those columns are not satisfactory for the analyses of total PCDD/PCDF in the environmental samples. Gas chromatography -high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) and GC-MS/MS techniques are not helpful in the analysis of 2,3,7,8-TCDD unless it is separated from the other tetra isomers. The analysis of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and total PCDD and PCDF in a single GC-MS run can ease the laborious techniques presently used. In this study we have developed a new stationary phase for the GC capillary column. The capillary column developed using this new stationary phase showed unsurpassed selectivity for the separation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from other tetra isomers. There are several advantages of the newly developed GC capillary column.     

Span80-Tween60/T154/煤油/H2SO4微乳液膜处理氨氮废水

研究了以Span80和Tween60为混合表面活性剂的微乳液膜的配方及其稳定性，通过Span80-Tween60/T154/煤油/H2SO4微乳液膜体系处理氨氮废水的研究，考察了表面活性剂的配比、T154的浓度、萃取时间、乳水比、外水相pH值、油相回用次数等因素对氨氮萃取率的影响。实验结果表明，当Span80和Tween60的质量比为4∶1，T154在煤油中的质量浓度为5％，萃取时间为15 min，乳水比为1∶14，外水相pH值为9时，氨氮一次性萃取率可到99.85％；该微乳液膜不仅稳定性好，对氨氮萃取率高，而且制乳、破乳容易，油相可重复使用。     

SO2的气相光催化氧化及催化剂的失活和再生研究

在模拟大气环境中，紫外光照射以及纳米TiO2光催化剂的作用下，气相无机污染物SO2被完全氧化为SO2或H2SO4。本文提出了SO2的非均相光催化氧化机理，并得出光催化反应速率符合一级动力学过程；经过连续使用之后，TiO2的光催化活性降低，最后活性消失；经过水洗之后，失活的TiO2可以得到再生。失活的TiO2和新鲜的TiO2的IR和XPS光谱差异表明，失活的TiO2表面存在H2SO4，其被认为是使催化剂失活的成分。     

壳聚糖在固定化光合细菌处理染料活性艳红X-3B中的应用研究

采用海藻酸钠对光合细菌进行包埋,并在固定化过程中加入壳聚糖,研究添加了壳聚糖的固定化细胞在不同条件下对活性艳红X-3B的脱色效果及其降解动力学.实验结果表明,在厌氧条件下,X-3B的脱色效果较好;染料浓度在30～300 mg/L之间变化时,厌氧降解动力学方程均符合一级动力学方程;降解速率与染料初始浓度之间关系符合Michaelis-Menten方程,反应动力学参数Km=374.96 mg/L,Vmax=7.53 mg/L·h.振荡有利于脱色并使半衰期缩短;固定化小球可重复使用.     

Comparative studies of the Fe3+/2+-UV, H2O2-UV, TiO2-UV/vis systems for the decolorization of a textile dye X-3B in water

The degradation of a common textile dye, Reactive-brilliant red X-3B, by several advanced oxidation technologies was studied in an air-saturated aqueous solution. The dye was resistant to the UV illumination (wavelength λ  320 nm), but was decolorized when one of Fe³⁺, H₂O₂ and TiO₂ components was present. The decolorization rate was observed to be quite different for each system, and the relative order evaluated under comparable conditions followed the order of Fe²⁺–H₂O₂–UV  Fe²⁺–H₂O₂ > Fe³⁺–H₂O₂–UV > Fe³⁺–H₂O₂ > Fe³⁺–TiO₂–UV > TiO₂–UV > Fe³⁺–UV > TiO₂–visible light (λ  450 nm) > H₂O₂–UV > Fe²⁺–UV. The mechanism for each process is discussed, and linked together for understanding the observed differences in reactivity.     

湿法回收砷碱渣中锑的工艺研究

本研究先以水浸实现砷碱渣中的砷锑分离,再对水浸渣进行盐酸浸出,得到了可作为工业原料氯化锑溶液.研究结果表明,在液固比为6∶1,温度40℃,浸出时间40 min的条件下,可使水浸过程中锑的浸出率低于3%,砷的浸出率达到99%;盐酸浸出中,控制酸浓度为1∶1,液固比10∶1,温度60℃,浸出时间30 min,能使锑的浸出率达到88%以上.经过水浸和盐酸浸出,锑的直接回收率为85.36%.     

Solubilization of substituted indole compounds by beta-cyclodextrin in water

The solubilization of four pairs of substituted indole compounds (SICs) by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in water was investigated. The results show that 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole and N-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole form 1:1 inclusion complexes with β-CD, while the other six SICs form 1:2 inclusion complexes, respectively. To each pair of SICs with similar structures, the differences between their solubilization in β-CD/water solutions has been explained by the difference of their contact area within the β-CD cavity, the difference of their molecule polarity, or the presence of hydrogen bond between SIC molecule and β-CD molecule.