An overview of emissions of SO2 and NOx and the long-range transport of oxidized sulfur and nitrogen pollutants in East Asia

The long-range transport of oxidized sulfur(sulfur dioxide(SO_2) and sulfate) and oxidized nitrogen(nitrogen oxides(NO_x ) and nitrate) in East Asia is an area of increasing scientific interest and political concern. This paper reviews various published papers, including ground- and satellite-based observations and numerical simulations. The aim is to assess the status of the anthropogenic emissions of SO_2 and NO_x and the long-range transport of oxidized S and N pollutants over source and downwind region. China has dominated the emissions of SO_2 and NO_x in East Asia and urgently needs to strengthen the control of their emissions, especially NO_x emissions. Oxidized S and N pollutants emitted from China are transported to Korea and Japan, due to persistent westerly winds, in winter and spring.However, the total contributions of China to S and N pollutants across Korea and Japan were not found to be dominant over longer time scales(e.g., a year). The source–receptor relationships for oxidized S and N pollutants in East Asia varied widely among the different studies. This is because:(1) the nonlinear effects of atmospheric chemistry and deposition processes were not well considered, when calculating the source–receptor relationships;(2) different meteorological and emission data inputs and solution schemes for key physical and chemical processes were used; and(3) different temporal and spatial scales were employed. Therefore, simulations using the same input fields and similar model configurations would be of benefit, to further evaluate the source–receptor relationships of the oxidized S and N pollutants.     

离子色谱法测定蔬菜中硝酸盐含量方法初探

蔬菜作为人们日常生活中必需的鲜活农产品,其食用的安全性日益引起重视。食品中的亚硝胺是大家公认的一种化学致癌物,其前体包括硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐。由于化肥的广泛使用,尤其是化学氮肥,使蔬菜中硝酸盐含量过大。分析蔬菜中硝酸盐含量也可以间接了解农田土壤的环境质量。文章阐述了离子色谱法测定蔬菜(如小白菜、葱、韭菜、莴笋叶及苋菜等)中硝酸盐含量的前处理方法与测定步骤。它可以作为测定蔬菜、水果等食品中硝酸盐含量的一种精密度高、简单快速的方法。