Effect of MoO3 on vanadium based catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 at low temperature

The selective catalytic reduction(SCR) activities of the MoO_3 doped V/WTi catalysts prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method at low temperature were investigated.The results showed that the addition of MoO_3 could enhance the NO_ xconversion at low temperature and the best SCR activity was obtained when the dosage of MoO_3 reached5 wt.%. The NH3-TPD and DRIFTS experiments indicated that the addition of MoO_3 changed the type and number of acid sites on the surface of catalysts and reaction activities of acid sites were altered at the same time. The redox capacity and amount of active oxygen species got improved for V3Mo5/WTi catalyst, which could be confirmed by the H_2-TPR and transient response experiments. Water vapor inhibited the NO_xconversion at low temperature. Deposition of ammonium sulfate or bisulfate might be main reason for the loss of catalytic activity in the presence of SO_2 at low temperature. Choosing the suitable NH_3/NO ratio and elevation of reaction temperature both could weaken the influence of SO_2 on the SCR activity of the V3Mo5/WTi catalyst. Thermal treatment of the deactivated catalyst at350°C could get the low temperature activity recovered. The decrease of GHSV improved the de NO_x efficiency at low temperature and we speculated that the rational technological process and operation parameters could contribute to the application of this kind of catalysts in real industrial environment.     

In-situ synthesis of TiO2 rutile/anatase heterostructure by DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature and thickness effect of outermost rutile layer on photocatalysis

TiO_2 rutile/anatase heterostructure thin films with varying rutile thickness have been in-situ synthesized via DC magnetron sputtering with Ar gas at room temperature. The crystal texture, surface morphology, energy gap and optical properties of the films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction meter, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction meter, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and UV–visible spectrophotometer, which indicates that the rutile/anatase heterostructure films are successfully fabricated. The further degradation experiments display that the photocatalytic activity can be dramatically affected by the thickness of the outmost rutile layer and the 100 nm thickness exhibits the best performance in all of the TiO_2 thin films. With the increase of the outmost rutile layer, the optical band gap of TiO_2 film displays a systematic decrease slightly. However,the change in photocatalytic activity does not coincide with that in the band gap. The photoresponse and electrochemical properties of the thin films have been characterized to understand the mechanism of the varied photocatalytic activity.     

Pd-MnO2 nanoparticles/TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) photo-electrodes photo-catalytic properties and their ability of degrading Rhodamine B under visible light

Pd-MnO_2/TiO_2 nanotube arrays(NTAs) photo-electrodes were successfully fabricated via anodization and electro deposition subsequently; the obtained Pd-MnO_2/TiO_2 NTAs photo electrodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and characterized accordingly. Moreover, the light harvesting and absorption properties were investigated via ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum(DRS); photo degradation efficiency was investigated via analyzing the photo catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible illumination(xenon light). The performed analyses illustrated that Pd-MnO_2 codoped particles were successfully deposited onto the surface of the TiO_2 nanotube arrays;DRS results showed significant improvement in visible light absorption which was between400 and 700 nm. Finally, the photo catalytic degradation efficiency results of the designated organic pollutant(Rhodamine B) illustrated a superior photocatalytic(PC) efficiency of approximately 95% compared to the bare TiO_2 NTAs, which only exhibited a photo catalytic degradation efficiency of approximately 61%, thus it indicated the significant enhancement of the light absorption properties of fabricated photo electrodes and their yield of UOH radicals.     

深部储层中CO2沿断层泄漏量的影响因素

CGS（CO₂地质储存）是CO₂减排的重要手段之一,天然裂隙的存在则是CGS的潜在风险.CO₂地质储存过程中储层上覆盖层及其浅部含水层是防止CO₂泄漏的天然屏障,为了探究深部咸水层中CO₂沿断层的泄漏过程并获得断层渗透率及储层中超临界CO₂流体初始条件（初始饱和度、初始泄漏压力）对CO₂沿断层泄漏速率和泄漏量的影响程度,依据鄂尔多斯CO₂灌注工程示范区资料,使用多相、多组分溶质运移数值模拟软件TOUGH2建立了2D概念模型.结果表明,深部咸水层中的CO₂在压力差和浓度差的作用下沿断层发生泄漏,到达浅部含水层后开始发生侧向运移,100 a内运移了约200 m的水平距离;由于浮力的作用,CO₂集中在含水层顶板处,有效地防止了CO₂向外泄漏.影响因素分析表明,100 a内断层渗透性能为低渗、中渗和高渗条件时,CO₂累积泄漏量分别为0、1 050和3 000 t;CO₂初始饱和度分别为0.20、0.50和0.99时,CO₂累积泄漏量分别为550、1 050和1 650 t;初始泄漏压力分别为17.3、17.6和18.1 MPa时,CO₂累积泄漏量则分别为900、1 050和1 400 t.除此之外,断层渗透性、CO₂初始气体饱和度和初始泄漏压力对CO₂泄漏的影响还体现在泄漏发生时间和平均泄漏速率上.研究显示,各因素对CO₂沿断层泄漏过程的影响程度表现为断层渗透性能> CO₂初始饱和度> CO₂初始泄漏压力.      

基于GIS和LUR模型的西安市PM2.5浓度空间分布模拟研究

基于地理信息系统GIS和土地利用回归LUR模型,模拟西安市PM2.5浓度空间动态分布,结果表明:与PM2.5浓度相关性最高的分别为缓冲区为2 km的水域面积、人口密度和距离水域距离,R 2分别为0.501,0.393和0.280;与PM2.5浓度相关性最低的分别为缓冲区为4 km的水域面积、未利用地面积和耕地面积,R 2分别为0.039、0.021和0.017.未考虑风速建立的LUR模型多元回归的相关系数为0.856,R 2为0.733,考虑风速的相关系数为0.892,R 2为0.796,表明风速对于污染物的分布影响较大,LUR模型模拟效果较好.模拟的PM2.5年均浓度高风险区分布于中部,中风险区分布于中西部,低风险区分布于东南部和西部.     

湖北省PM2.5与PM10比值分析及PM2.5时空分布特征研究

基于2012年-2014年湖北省大气污染物监测数据,通过数据反演方法,得到湖北省17个城市的PM2.5年均浓度.利用ArcGIS绘制出各城市不同年份的颗粒物浓度空间分布图,并对其进行分析.结果表明,2012年-2014年间,湖北省17个城市PM2.5与PM10年均浓度比值为0.66,PM2.5年均浓度超出国家二级标准,整体呈现上升趋势.城市方面,在多数城市PM2.5与PM10浓度上升的同时,仅武汉、黄冈和天门3个城市颗粒物浓度2014年较2013年有所下降,且武汉市PM2.5浓度下降率达12.8%,表明武汉市近两年来采取的政策措施具有较好的可行性和有效性.     

城区机动车尾气排放量与雾霾关系研究

近年来雾霾严重影响到了人们正常的生活和身体健康,许多报道都将机动车尾气看做是雾霾的"元凶".G20期间,在柯桥区及周边区域几乎全部企业都处于停产状态下,根据柯桥区域机动车限行前后的数量与空气报告得出的数据显示:PM2.5浓度没有随着机动车减少而降低,汽车的尾气对PM2.5浓度的影响有限,机动车尾气是雾霾的"元凶"的说法有些言过其实.     

西安市PM2.5燃煤源谱特征研究

针对西安本地源谱缺乏的现状,总结统计了西安目前灰霾特征和主要成因,对西安市燃煤源进行了测定.研究发现,在煤烟尘PM2.5中SO2-4的含量最高(25%),其次为OC(12%)、NH+4(7%)、Cl-(5%).对固定源燃煤与民用散烧煤,不同脱硫方式、脱硝方式和锅炉类型的固定源成分谱分析得出:1.SO2-4及Al、Si、Ca在固定源煤烟尘PM2.5中含量大于民用燃煤,OC与之相反;2.炉内喷钙法PM2.5中SO2-4明显高于其它脱硫法含量;双碱法PM2.5中Na的含量显著高于其它脱硫工艺流程的含量;氧化镁法PM2.5 中Mg含量为各类脱硫工艺中最高;石灰石膏法颗粒物中Mg、Al、Si、Ca等元素含量均高于大多数工艺;3.不同的脱硝工艺中NO-3离子在各类成分谱中的含量极低;4.链条炉与层燃炉PM2.5中OC、EC含量高于循环流化床炉、煤粉炉.     

长春市春季PM2.5中金属污染与潜在生态风险评价研究

2014年春季采集了长春市大气PM2.5样品,测定了PM2.5及其17种金属元素的含量.PM2.5质量浓度为175.2±75.1μg/m3,变异系数为0.44,环境重污染日与优良日空气质量差异较大.PM2.5中金属元素平均含量顺序为Ca>Fe>K>Mg>Al>Zn>Ti>Mn>Pb>As>Cu>V>Ni>Cr>Co>Ba>Cd.采用富集因子法和潜在生态风险指数法对PM2.5中金属进行了评价.其中Cd、As、Zn、Pb、Cu富集因子大于100.金属综合潜在生态风险等级为极强生态风险,Cd的贡献率为83.2%,受人类活动干扰严重.     

烟花禁燃对南京市春节期间PM2.5及其组分的影响研究

对2014年、2015年两年春节期间南京市空气质量监测数据进行分析,探讨禁止燃放烟花爆竹规定实施前后空气质量变化情况.结果表明:烟花爆竹燃放使得空气质量达重污染,且空气中的PM2.5质量浓度迅速上升,出现局地短时间峰值,同时会使PM2.5中的水溶性离子组分含量也急剧升高,其中与烟花爆竹主要成分基本一致的SO2-4、Cl-、K+和Mg2+攀升迅速;禁止燃放烟花爆竹对空气质量改善有显著作用,2015年春节禁燃后,南京市空气质量均达标率同比上升4成以上,春节期间PM2.5平均质量浓度,同比改善56%;PM2.5中的水溶性离子组分也基本处于正常监测范围,较少出现波动.