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31.
通过对国外包装立法的考察比较,提出限制过度包装必须由非理性的利益冲动行为回归到理智的法治轨道上来.应以促进循环经济发展,加快建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会,实现可持续发展为立法的终极价值目标. 相似文献
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34.
Huang Pingsha 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2013,11(3):30-36
Abstract In order to achieve sustainable utilization of natural resources, save energy and protect environment and ecosystem, it is important for a region or a nation to develop and implement a viable waste recycling model from both theoretical and practical point of view. Some packaging recycling models operated in developed countries are introduced in this article. Aluminium can recovery and recycling is emphasized. Cost effective, economic and environmental benefit of different models are compared and analyzed. The result shows that all recycling models have their characteristics due to the initial purpose of recovery and the situation of the implementing country. However, all the models contribute to the reduction of municipal solid waste disposal and resources conservation. 相似文献
35.
S. Martínez-Lera J. Torrico J. Pallarés A. Gil 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(7):1640-1647
The use of plastic bags and film packaging is very frequent in manifold sectors and film waste is usually present in different sources of municipal and industrial wastes. A significant part of it is not suitable for mechanical recycling but could be safely transformed into a valuable gas by means of thermal valorization. In this research, the gasification of film wastes has been experimentally investigated through experiments in a fluidized bed reactor of two reference polymers, polyethylene and polypropylene, and actual post-consumer film waste. After a complete experimental characterization of the three materials, several gasification experiments have been performed to analyze the influence of the fuel and of equivalence ratio on gas production and composition, on tar generation and on efficiency. The experiments prove that film waste and analogue polymer derived wastes can be successfully gasified in a fluidized bed reactor, yielding a gas with a higher heating value in a range from 3.6 to 5.6 MJ/m3 and cold gas efficiencies up to 60%. 相似文献
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37.
Charles A. Ambrose Richard Hooper Anthony K. Potter M. Margaret Singh 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2002,36(4)
Mechanical recycling of 100% post-consumer plastic waste into high-quality products has been performed. The chemical and physical properties of these recycled materials have been compared with similar products manufactured from virgin resins. The properties of a blow-moulded bottle prepared from 100% post-consumer high-density polyethylene (HDPE) showed that this recycled polymer exceeded the materials specifications for virgin plastic designs. Similarly, a sample of thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO, 100% polypropylene), obtained entirely from shredder residue (SR) displayed sufficient material strength for future separation and reprocessing. 相似文献
38.
The possibility of transforming waste plastics into valuable hydrocarbons via catalytic cracking and reforming is attracting
increasing interest. Pyrolysis coupled with Gas Chromatographic separation and Mass Spectrometry detection (Py-GC/MS) has
been used in this work to study the product selectivity of various catalysts in the conversion of pure and residual polyethylene
samples into hydrocarbon products. Five acid solids of comparable aluminium contents but different textural and acid properties
were tested as catalysts, including three zeolites (standard ZSM-5, nanocrystalline n-ZSM-5 and Beta) and two mesostructured
solids (Al-MCM-41 and Al-SBA-15). Thermal cracking of the pure and residual polymers generated a similar range of products
to each other, with a high proportion of linear paraffins and olefins of varying lengths. The presence of zeolitic materials
resulted in complete elimination of heavy linear products, an increase in the light hydrocarbon fraction and a marked selectivity
towards the formation of single-ring aromatic species, particularly benzene, toluene and xylene. Aromatic formation was particularly
notable with the small crystal size n-ZSM-5 (aromatic selectivity up to 53.9%) and less marked in the case of standard ZSM-5
(up to 36.4%) and Beta zeolite (up to 35.0%). Mesostructured catalysts like Al-MCM-41 and Al-SBA-15 favoured the production
of light C2–C5 hydrocarbons (up to 57.9%) while the formation of aromatic products was significantly lower than with zeolitic materials.
The paper examines the extent and the causes for this product selectivity and discusses its connection with the acid and textural
properties of each catalyst. It was also observed that, under the experimental conditions employed, the products generated
were not significantly affected by the nature and origin of the polymers employed. 相似文献
39.
J. Aguado D. P. Serrano G. Vicente N. Sánchez 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2006,14(4):375-384
The thermal cracking of HDPE in presence of different amounts of decalin was studied and compared with the reaction carried out in the absence of solvent. The decalin favours the mass and heat transfer during the reaction. In addition, it modifies the thermal degradation mechanism, which facilitates the formation of specific products. The use of decalin substantially increases the C5–C32 yield in comparison with the solventless reaction. In all cases, linear hydrocarbons such as n-paraffins, α-olefins and α,ω-dienes were detected. Increasing the decalin/plastic ratio led to enhanced α-olefin and n-paraffins yields, but the increase was more significant in the case of α-olefins, which are valuable compounds useful as raw chemicals. A reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the results obtained in presence of decalin. In these reactions, intramolecular radical transfer, secondary radical β-scission and hydrogen transfer from both decalin to intermediate radicals and from the polymer chain to regenerate the decalin play a significant role in determining the plastic conversion and the relative amounts of each product. 相似文献
40.
京津冀地区典型印刷企业VOCs排放特征及臭氧生成潜势分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究在京津冀地区选取23家典型印刷企业进行调研,并对其中具备采样条件的企业通过气袋采样-GC-MSD/FID采集及分析系统,获得48组分析结果,定量分析了京津冀地区印刷企业VOCs的排放特征,并估算其臭氧生成潜势.结果表明,各企业排气筒有组织排放的VOCs(以非甲烷总烃表征)浓度差异很大,包装印刷企业VOCs排放浓度范围为29. 9~755. 0 mg·m~(-3),出版物印刷企业VOCs排放浓度范围为3. 3~99. 0 mg·m~(-3);各企业车间印刷工位中,包装印刷企业VOCs排放浓度在129. 7~958. 4 mg·m~(-3)之间,出版物印刷企业VOCs排放浓度范围为19. 1~113. 7 mg·m~(-3);包装印刷企业排放的VOCs浓度普遍高于出版物印刷企业,这与其使用溶剂型油墨有关. VOCs组分构成方面,包装印刷和出版物印刷企业印刷工位排放的VOCs中,含氧VOCs均为首要VOCs种类,占比在32. 6%~99. 4%之间,其次是烷烃.臭氧生成潜势方面,印刷企业臭氧生成潜势(OFP值)平均值为505. 5 mg·m~(-3),其中包装印刷企业为564. 1 mg·m~(-3),出版物印刷企业为52. 9 mg·m~(-3);臭氧生成系数(SR值)平均值为1. 24 g·g-1,其中包装印刷企业为1. 70 g·g-1、出版物印刷企业为0. 89 g·g-1.从OFP值和SR值可以看出,包装印刷企业应作为未来京津冀地区印刷行业VOCs管控的重点. 相似文献