The classification of lands managed for conservation: existing and proposed frameworks, with particular reference to Australia

Comprehensive classification systems to accurately account for lands managed for biodiversity conservation, are an essential component of conservation planning and policy. The current international classification systems for lands managed for nature conservation are reviewed, with a particular emphasis on Australia. The need for a broader, all-encompassing, categorisation of lands managed for conservation is presented and a proposed broader categorisation system is developed—the Conservation Lands Classification. This classification system has the advantage of incorporating data on both tenure and protection mechanisms and has been applied in this paper using conservation lands in three Australian jurisdictions as examples. It is envisaged that this method of classification has the potential to significantly improve the ability to measure current and future trends in nature conservation across all land types at a variety of scales and hence is put forward in order to stimulate discussion on this important topic.     

浅谈环境保护中的公众参与

简述了公众参与环境保护工作的作用,分析当前现行的环保制度下我国公众参与环境保护存在的问题并提出今后加强环境保护公众参与的对策。     

环境法中的公众参与原则

公众参与是我国环境法的一项基本原则。该文阐述了公众参与原则的内涵、我国公众参与环境保护的法律基础及存在问题，并就完善环境法．中公众参与机制提出建议。     

生态环境保护公众参与的不同层次分析

人类赖以生存的自然环境遭到破坏,会给社会、经济、政治的发展带来严重影响,也会对人类健康造成危害。保护生态环境,光靠政府采取措施、调整政策、加强环境公共事务的管理还不够,还必须有广大民众,各个层次的社团、组织的参与。文章从民众、民间团体、国际组织3个层面分析了生态环境保护公众参与的必然性、必要性。     

Getting stakeholder participation ‘right’: a discussion of participatory processes and possible pitfalls

The planning step of an ecological risk assessment includes the largest role for public participation in the entire assessment, for it is here that the risk manager must ensure that the assessment will yield the information he needs to make a decision. This essay discusses some general characteristics of public participation in ecological risk assessments, including the ways in which different lifestyles may lead to the establishment of community specific management goals and hence of different endpoints; the type and nature of the input provided by the public to the risk assessment and the ways in which input from the public differs from input from the scientific community; and a discussion of definitions of stakeholders and participatory processes which emphasizes their contextual nature. The essay concludes with a review of some of the challenges facing a risk manager as he designs a participatory process. Six major areas are discussed, each incorporating suggestions that should reduce difficulties in implementation of such a process and increase the likelihood of acceptance of its outcome, and hence the overall quality of the risk assessment.     

战略环境影响评价中的公众参与

就战略环境影响评价中公众参与的意义及优缺点进行探讨，并给出改进公众参与的建议。     

我国公众参与再生资源产业发展的现状分析与推进措施

公众参与是可持续发展三原则之一的“共同性原则”的具体体现。作为可持续发展战略措施之一的再生资源产业如若没有公众层面的广泛参与，要想实现健康有序的发展是很困难的。从我国公众参与再生资源产业发展的现状及问题入手，提出了一些针对性的对策措施，以期对提高公众参与再生资源产业发展，促进经济社会的可持续发展提供参考。     

环境影响后评估中的公众参与研究

公众参与是环境影响后评估的重要内容。探讨了环境影响后评估中公众参与的作用、方法，并在上海轨道交通明珠线噪声影响后评估中开展了公众参与实践。     

Developing a collaborative model for environmental planning and management

Methods for involving the public in natural resource management are changing as agencies adjust to an increasingly turbulent social and political environment. There is growing interest among managers and scholars in collaborative approaches to public involvement. Collaboration is conceptually defined and elaborated using examples from the natural resource management field. This paper then examines how collaboration theory from the organizational behavior field can help environmental managers to better understand those factors that facilitate and inhibit collaborative solutions to resource problems. A process-oriented model is presented that proposes that collaboration emerges out of an environmental context and then proceeds sequentially through a problem-setting, direction-setting, and structuring phase. Factors constraining collaboration are also specified, including organizational culture and power differentials. Designs for managing collaboration are identified, which include appreciative planning, joint agreements, dialogues, and negotiated settlements. Environmental managers need new skills to manage collaboration within a dynamic social and political environment. Further research is needed to test the propositions outlined here.     

LAKE AND RWER QUALITY FOR RECREATION MANAGEMENT AND CONTINGENT VALUATION1

ABSTRACT: Accurate valuation of recreational lakes and rivers in contingent valuation (CV) studies requires that the definition of the environmental good being sold meets the requirements of correspondence, proximity, and familiarity. The concept of ‘water quality’ normally used fails to meet these requirements. This paper offers a broader concept of “lake/river quality” - a collection of physical, ecological, and aesthetic characteristics that create the opportunity for recreation, scenic enjoyment, and fish and wildlife propagation - that better describes the characteristics that recreationists value in lakes and rivers. The concept therefore better meets CV requirements and should be the basis for defining environmental improvements and declines to be hypothetically sold in CV surveys.