广东省从化温泉热矿水水化学与同位素特征

从化温泉位于广东省从化市东北,地处广从断裂带北东段,泉点沿NW及NE向次级断裂出露,热水出露于燕山期花岗岩中。温泉为中低温、偏碱性的低矿化水。热水中的阳离子以K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺为主,阴离子以HCO^-₃为主,属于HCO₃-Na及HCO₃-Na·Ca水。热水中偏硅酸、氟含量较高,同时含有锂、锶、钡、硼酸等微量组分及放射性组分镭、氡。由D和¹⁸O组分表明热水起源于大气降水。根据玉髓温标计算的热储温度为82.14~93.52℃。由镭-氡法测定热水年龄,可知热水在地下滞留时间较短,循环较快,如开采量不大且采用采停交替的方式,有助于热水的可持续利用。     

Enhanced biological nutrient removal by the alliance of a heterotrophic nitrifying strain with a nitrogen removing ecosystem

Nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater was investigated in an airlift bioreactor （ALB）, augmented with a novel heterotrophic nitrifier Pseudonocardia ammonioxydans H9^T under organic carbon to nitrogen ratios （Corg/N） ranging from 0 to 12. Effect of the inoculated strain was also determined on the settling properties and the removal of chemical oxygen demand （COD）. Two laboratory scale reactors were set up to achieve a stable nitrifying state under the same physicochemical conditions of hydraulic retention time （HRT）, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen （DO）, and operated under the sequencing batch mode. The level of DO was kept at 0.5- 1.5 mg/L by periodic stirring and aeration. Each specific Corg/N ratio was continued for duration of 3 weeks. One of the reactors （BR2） was inoculated with P ammonioxydans H9^T periodically at the start of each Corg/N ratio. Sludge volumetric index （SVI） improved with the increasing Corg/N ratio, but no significant difference was detected between the two reactors. BR2 showed higher levels of nitrogen removal with the increasing heterotrophic conditions, and the ammonia removal reached to the level of 82%-88%, up to10% higher than that in the control reactor （BR1） at Corg/N ratios higher than 6; however, the ammonia removal level in experimental reactor was up to 8% lower than that in control reactor at Corg/N ratios lower than 2. The COD removal efficiency progressively increased with the increasing Corg/N ratios in both of the reactors. The COD removal percentage up to peak values of 88%-94% in BR2, up to 11% higher than that in BR1 at Corg/N ratio higher than 4. The peak values of ammonia and COD removal almost coincided with the highest number （18%-27% to total bacterial number） of the exogenous bacterium in the BR2, detected as colony forming units （CFU）. Furthermore, the removal of ammonia and COD in BR2 was closely related to the number of the inoculated strain with a coefficient index （R2） up to 0.82 and 0.85 for ammonia and     

Analyzing and quantitatively evaluating the organic matter source at different ecologic zones of tidal salt marsh,North Jiangsu Province, China

In order to explore the effect of different ecological zones and their above plants in the organic matter cycling of the whole tidal salt marsh, indicators such as total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio, δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N of surface, core sediments, and plants of tidal salt marshes in North Jiangsu Province are analyzed. Subsequently, distribution regularities of these measurement indicators are discussed, and the biogeochemistry processes between sediments and plants are also analyzed. Lastly, the organic matter sources of different ecologic zones in tidal salt marsh are evaluated, and the organic matter accumulations in different ecologic zones induced by their plants are also compared. These results indicate that TOC, TN, C/N ratio and δ¹³C showed obvious zonal distribution. The organic matter sources are dominated by marine input in the silt flat, artemisia schrenkiana flat, and the transition zone between silt and spartina alterniflora flat, and are controlled by terrigenous input in spartina alterniflora flat. Spartina alterniflora plays an important role in the accumulation of organic matter in the whole tidal salt marshes ecosystem. In the study area, the annually increased TOC, organic matter and TN in the spartina alterniflora, artemisia schrenkiana and reed flats reach 6,451, 12,043 and 536 t, respectively. The amount of TOC, organic matter and TN accumulated in the spartina alterniflora flat is more than that in other ecological zones, which shows that the spartina alterniflora flat exert a non-replaceable effect on the material cycle and exchange in the whole tidal salt marshes ecosystem. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(6): 51–56 [译自: 环境科学]     

活性污泥中细菌的分离及其生理生化特性研究

从乳品废水活性污泥中分离纯化细菌,并进行生理生化特性、药敏试验研究。结果表明,H-1菌株分解葡萄糖产酸,利用乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇等碳源;H-1菌株对头孢菌素类、氨基苷类、大环内酯类药物敏感;而对青霉素类、磺胺类等具有不同程度的耐药性。该研究对改善乳品废水活性污泥微生态、环境污染治理等具有科学指导意义。     

流域农业面源污染动态监控系统的建立和运行

提出建立农业面源污染动态监控系统的技术构思,构筑了“辽宁省农业面源污染动态监控系统”的功能及运行机制的构架,阐述了推进此动态监控系统完善的研究方案与系统实施的保证措施。     

固定化反硝化聚磷菌同步除磷脱氮实验研究

实验采用海藻酸钠和PVA添加膨润土包埋固定经富集驯化的以反硝化聚磷菌(DNPAOs)为主的活性污泥,利用体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜考察了固定化小球的形态和表面结构,并对厌氧/好氧条件下,包埋小球除磷脱氮性能进行探讨,结果表明:固定化小球具有良好的强化生物除磷和较好的反硝化脱氮性能,体系的COD去除率平均达74.9%,平均除磷效率为95.3%,氨氮平均去除率达到95.2%左右。小球若长时间缺氧,在其内部会出现厌氧区,并产生厌氧放磷现象。     

上海市城郊臭氧浓度变化分析及模拟预报

利用上海市普陀、南汇、淀山湖3个臭氧观测站2005年的臭氧小时观测资料,首先对市区和郊区的大气臭氧浓度的污染特征和变化情况进行了分析,结果表明,上海市郊区的臭氧浓度和污染水平高于市区,且臭氧浓度日变化在市区呈现明显的双峰现象,而郊区则是单峰型变化规律。然后运用基于统计学理论的最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）方法对3个站的日（24h）平均和白日（12h）平均以及日最大值臭氧浓度进行预测,得到较好的预报效果。     

流域水质目标管理技术研究：Ⅴ.水污染防治的环境经济政策

环境经济政策是流域水质目标管理技术的重要组成部分. 通过分析国内外的环境经济政策以及主要经济手段的实施现状与特点,指出我国环境经济政策的不足与问题. 以流域控制单元为对象,提出水污染防治的环境经济政策的基本内涵和特点,以“分区、分类、分级、分期”为基本理念,研究了适合我国流域水质目标管理的环境经济政策框架与构建思路,并对环境财政、环境投融资、市场化、排污收费与污染税、生态补偿与污染赔偿等具体手段进行了阐述,提出环境经济政策的综合实施机制以及相关的政策保障.     

油气储运设施事故的人为因素分析与预防

结合心理学知识从人为因素的角度分析和归纳了油气储运设施事故的原因,提出了应对人为因素负面影响的措施和对策。     

Advancing indigenous self-determination through endangered species protection: Idaho gray wolf recovery

As part of the right of indigenous cultures to self-determination, several international bodies have recognized and addressed the role of indigenous communities in natural resources management, including the conservation of biodiversity. In the United States, disagreements regarding the application of the federal Endangered Species Act to Native American tribes have hindered the relationship between the federal and tribal governments on endangered species recovery. Our research examines the efforts of one Native American tribe, the Nez Perce, and the United States federal government to collaborate on federal gray wolf recovery in central Idaho. We interviewed members of the Nez Perce Tribe and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to characterize their relationship and explore the context in which the recovery program was implemented. Respondents attributed the success of the biological aspects of wolf recovery to the robustness of the wolf as a species and to close interagency coordination at the operational level. However, differences of opinion existed between the Tribe and Service concerning program funding, policy planning, and the rights and role of the Tribe in wolf management via co-management and cooperative management regimes. Respondents from both governments noted a clear hierarchical relationship at the strategic level, where policy planning and decision-making rested with the federal government. Lessons drawn from this case study can be applied across the international spectrum to improving partnerships, particularly at the strategic level, between indigenous and non-indigenous governance structures for protecting endangered species.