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891.
892.
893.
Composite samples of Australian farmed Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) (YTKF) (n = 27), Mulloway (Argyrosomus hololepidotus) (n = 6) and manufactured feed (n = 5) were analysed to benchmark levels of a broad range of residues and contaminants of potential public health and trade significance. A subset of these samples [YTKF (n = 5), Mulloway (n = 2) and feed (n = 5)] was analysed for dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The mean concentration of dioxins in YTKF was 0.6 pg TEQ g−1 (range 0.22-0.8) and in Mulloway was 0.16 pg TEQ g−1 (range 0.16-0.16). The mean concentration of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in YTKF was 2.6 pg TEQ g−1 (range 1.4-3.5), while Mulloway had a mean concentration of 0.67 pg TEQ g−1 (range 0.57-0.76). The mean concentration of PCBs in YTKF was 21 μg kg−1 (range 8.6-29) and in Mulloway was 5.4 μg kg−1 (mean 4.7-6). The mean concentration of dioxin-like PCBs in YTKF was 2.1 pg TEQ g−1 (range 1.2-2.8) and in Mulloway was 0.51 pg TEQ g−1 (range 0.41-0.61). The mean mercury concentration in YTKF was 0.03 mg kg−1 (range 0.02-0.05) and in Mulloway it was 0.02 mg kg−1 (range 0.02-0.04). There were no detectable levels of any pesticide or antimicrobial compounds in any sample of YTKF or Mulloway. Attention is drawn to technical differences in port of entry testing programs such as sampling strategies, portion tested, laboratory methodology, residue definitions and reporting conventions that exporters’ products may be subject to. All residues and contaminants were either undetectable or present at very low levels when judged against Australian, Japanese and European Union regulatory standards (where set). 相似文献
894.
建设项目环境风险评价是近年来纳入环境风险管理的重要工作,也是对环境影响评价工作的重要补充。文中以医院建设项目为实例,通过对该项目进行环境风险识别、源项及危害分析,提出风险管理和应急措施的具体方法,探讨了医院项目环境风险评价的技术方法,特别强调了降低风险措施、建立应急预案的重要性。 相似文献
895.
896.
Intensive research on pharmaceuticals in the environment started about 15 years ago. Since then a vast amount of literature has been published. The input and presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their fate in the environment were and is still of high interest. As it has been extensively demonstrated that the active compounds are present in the environment some of the research interest has moved from analysis of the compounds, which is still undertaken, to effect studies in the lab and in field trials. It has been found that environmental concentrations can cause effects in wildlife if proper tools are applied for effect assessment. The question of mixture toxicity has gained more and more attention. It has been learned that classical tests may underestimate effects and risks. Work has been done in the field of risk assessment and risk management. As for risk management strategies to eliminate pharmaceuticals from wastewater or from the effluent of sewage treatment plants have been proposed and investigated. A tremendous amount of literature can now be found describing technical management measures such as oxidative or photolytic effluent treatment, filtering techniques, and application of charcoal. It has been learned however, that each of these approaches has its specific shortcomings. Therefore, additional approaches such as including people handling and using the compounds, and focusing on the properties of the compounds (“green pharmacy”) came into focus. Accordingly, this review gives an overview of the present state of knowledge presenting typical results and lines of discussion. This review makes no claim to give a complete overview including the full detailed body of knowledge of pharmaceuticals in the environment. Rather, it addresses important and typical topics to stimulate discussion. 相似文献
897.
Meeting Consumer Concerns for Food Safety
in South Korea: The Importance of Food Safety and Ethics in a Globalizing Market 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Renee B. Kim 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2009,22(2):141-152
As the issue of food safety became one of the important public agenda, consumer concern for food safety became the general
public concern. The Korea U.S. Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) completion allowing import of U.S. beef to Korea has turned
into a massive public uproar and a series of demonstrations, revealing widespread concerns on the part of Korean producers
and consumers about government food safety regulations and mishandling of the beef trade requirement. The mishandling of public
concerns for BSE on U.S. beef import by the administrators led to a breakdown of the relationship between the public and the
government and a loss of consumer confidence in Korea’s food safety system. The KORUS FTA beef crisis raised the issues of
government accountability and the importance of understanding moral and ethical aspects of food safety management that pose
perceived risk for BSE by the Korean citizen. The aim of this paper is to address the importance of understanding consumer
concerns, food ethics and of appropriate risk communication in dealing with politically and publically sensitive food safety
issues. This is achieved by assessing the factors that contributed to the conflict between the Korean government and the Korean
public over the KORUS FTA beef agreement. 相似文献
898.
899.
Austin Ives Bart Baca Christos Douligeris Lefteris Iakovou 《Chemistry and Ecology》1998,15(1):223-233
Federal and State agencies have recently advocated risk-based analysis as a mechanism for advancing regulatory reform and safety determination in marine systems. the present investigation promotes this objective through the development of risk-based environmental planning strategies for oil spill contingency plans. This alternative approach to contingency planning departs from conventional methodology by employing quantitative risk assessment methods to identify hazardous oil spill zones and sensitive environmental areas, Ro and Re respectively. the product of this conversion is referenced on a single “Risk” layer within a Geographic Information System (GIS) framework allowing coastal managers to evaluate natural resource data with associated elements of oil spill risk. As a new tool for coastal pollution management, risk-based environmental planning strategies have shown potential for evolving more efficient oil spill contingency plans. 相似文献
900.
Of the numerous inherent safety assessment tools, a dynamic metric capable of investigating and incorporating the temporal risk evolution when conducting Inherently Safer Modifications (ISMs) is yet to be established. To this end, this work developed a Dynamic Inherent Safety Metric (DISM) and validated its functionality and viability through a case study. Firstly, the Information-Flow-based Accident-causing Model (IFAM) was adapted to construct the topology of Bayesian Networks (BN). Then, Bayesian deductive reasoning was executed to do crucial risk identification by ranking posterior probabilities. Finally, risk-based ISMs were performed to address the relatively contributing risk factors. The case study results show that the fire and explosion risk decreased by approximately a third after implementing ISMs, thus demonstrating that the modified processing scenario could be inherently safer than the original processing scenario. The newly developed inherent safety metric (i.e., DISM) can assist in temporal risk identification and assessment, and it is expected to function as a novel assessment tool for measuring and comparing the inherent safeness before and after implementing ISMs with simultaneous considerations on the time-varying risk factors. 相似文献