Applicability of a Septic Tank/Engineered Wetland Coupled System in the Treatment and Recycling of Wastewater from a Small Community

A septic tank (ST)/engineered wetland coupled system used to treat and recycle wastewater from a small community in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania was monitored to assess its performance. The engineered wetland system (EWS) had two parallel units each with two serial beds packed with different sizes of media and vegetated differently. The larger-sized medium bed was upstream and was planted with Phragmites (reeds) and the smaller-sized medium bed was downstream and was planted with Typha (cattails). The ST/EWS coupled system was able to remove ammonia by an average of 60%, nitrate by 71%, sulfate by 55%, chemical oxygen demand by 91%, and fecal coliform as well as total coliform by almost 100%. The effluent from the ST/EWS coupled system is used for irrigation. Notably, users of the recycled irrigation water do not harbor any negative feelings about it. This study demonstrates that it is possible to treat and recycle domestic wastewater using ST/EWS coupled systems. The study also brings attention to the fact that an ST/EWS coupled system has operation and maintenance (O&M) needs that must be fulfilled for its effectiveness and acceptability. These include removal of unwanted weeds, harvesting of wetland plants when the EWS becomes unappealingly bushy, and routine repair.     

溢油分离回收的神妙武器

20世纪90年代以来,国内外在陆上和海域不断发生溢油事故,由此造成重大的资源损失和环境污染。文中介绍了欧美国家对此采取的应急措施和使用的应急装备,论述了日本世界化工股份公司溢油分离回收机的工作原理、结构特点和适用环境。     

石油烃降解菌在高温高盐环境中的生理特性及应用潜力

分析了石油烃降解菌的生理特性及耐温、耐盐机制,介绍了国内外在高温高盐含油污水生物处理以及在高温高盐油藏的微生物采油方面应用石油烃降解菌方面的研究进展。国内外的研究结果表明,微生物在高温(地温120℃)、高矿化度(10×104mg／L)的油藏条件下,仍能保持较高的存活率,增油效果较好。     

废液中CODcr的治理与利用

研究了废液中CODCr的治理与利用.废液处理工艺流程简单,实用,回收了其中的金属,并根据需要将它们制备成相应的化学试剂,用于研究.实验结果令人满意.     

从金属切削废料中回收镍和钴生产硫酸镍和氧化钴

以镍钴合金切削废料为原料，通过酸溶、除铁、除铬、镍钴分离等一系列步骤，回收镍和钴，生产硫酸镍和氯化钴，通过试验确定了最佳工艺条件，并对经济效益进行了分析。     

EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE ON GROUND WATER QUALITY AND AQUIFER STORAGE RECOVERY1

ABSTRACT: Ground water nitrate contamination and water level decline are common concern in Nebraska. Effects of artificial recharge on ground water quality and aquifer storage recovery (ASR) were studied with spreading basins constructed in the highly agricultural region of the Central Platte, Nebraska. A total of 1.10 million m³ of Platte River water recharged the aquifer through 5000 m² of the recharge basins during 1992, 1993, and 1994. This is equivalent to the quantity needed to completely displace the ground water beneath 34 ha of the local primary aquifer with 13 m thickness and 0.25 porosity. Successful NO₃-N remediation was documented beneath and downgradient of the recharge basins, where NO₃-N declined from 20 to 2 mg L^-1. Ground water atrazine concentrations at the site decreased from 2 to 0.2 mg L^-1 due to recharge. Both NO₃-N and atrazine contamination dramatically improved from concentrations exceeding the maximum contaminant levels to those of drinking water quality. The water table at the site rose rapidly in response to recharge during the early stage then leveled off as infiltration rates declined. At the end of the 1992 recharge season, the water table 12 m downgradient from the basins was elevated 1.36 m above the preproject level; however, at the end of the 1993 recharge season, any increase in the water table from artificial recharge was masked by extremely slow infiltration rates and heavy recharge from precipitation from the wettest growing season in over 100 years. The water table rose 1.37 m during the 1994 recharge season. Resultant ground water quality and ASR improvement from the artificial recharge were measured at 1000 m downgradient and 600 m upgradient from the recharge basins. Constant infiltration rates were not sustained in any of the three years, and rates always decreased with time presumably because of clogging. Scraping the basin floor increased infiltration rates. Using a pulsed recharge to create dry and wet cycles and maintaining low standing water heads in the basins appeared to reduce microbial growth, and therefore enhanced infiltration.     

Getting away from them all: Managing exhaustion from social interaction with telework

Drawing on the conservation of resources and recovery literatures, we examine how social job characteristics—interpersonal interaction, job interdependence, and external interaction—relate to work exhaustion. We then explore the efficacy of a part‐time telework (PTT) practice in alleviating work exhaustion associated with social interaction. Study 1 is a within‐subject assessment of work exhaustion before and after a PTT practice; participants are 51 information technology professionals in a financial services firm. Study 2 is a between‐subject assessment of work exhaustion among part‐time teleworkers and non‐teleworkers; participants are 258 U.S. workers spanning a variety of industries. Study 2 replicated the model tested in Study 1, and we extended the conceptualization of interpersonal interaction to examine both quantity and quality of interaction. In both studies, PTT provided a recovery opportunity, attenuating the relationship between interpersonal interaction and work exhaustion; however, after PTT but not before, work exhaustion increased as external interaction increased. In Study 2, work exhaustion decreased as interaction quality increased; in contrast, work exhaustion increased as interaction quantity increased and PTT attenuated this relationship. Our recommendations aim to help balance telework practices in light of social job characteristics and their opposing effects on work exhaustion. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Recovery following the Gediz earthquake: a study of four villages of western Turkey

This paper is the result of a social and economic survey of four villages in the Gediz region of South West Anatolia, Turkey, which was undertaken in two phases, October/November 1982 and March/April 1984. The specific aims of this survey were to define what was perceived as recovery in the local social, cultural and economic context and to measure recovery in communities which had suffered different degrees of distress and loss following the earthquake and, consequently, had received different amounts and kinds of assistance from the government. Essentially, therefore, the survey sought to answer the question – how far did the government programme of assistance promote recovery and over what period of time? The implications of such an inquiry concern what constitutes appropriate assistance following earthquake in rural communities. It is hoped that studies of this kind can help to guide decision making of both national governments and international humanitarian organizations on the role of material aid in the process of recovery. This is particularly urgent in view of the fact that preliminary investigations of other small rural and under-developed communities struck by earthquake suggest that material aid may actually preclude recovery in the longer term.     

洞庭湖区芦苇和荻的饲用潜力及开发利用

洞庭湖区拥有丰富的芦苇和荻资源。两者鲜嫩时的化学与营养成分接近优良牧草黑麦草,适于饲喂牛。若于拨节中期收获２～４次,则可年产干草４．５～７．５×１０５ｔ,可为８．２２～２０．５５×１０４个黄牛单位提供全年用优质饲草;若再与湖区丰富的农副产品相配合,发展集约化商品性的养牛业是切实可行的。收获的牧草可通过青饲、青贮、调制干草、加工成草粉或颗粒配方饲料的方式加以利用。为保障秋季其他用途的收获及第二年的正常生长发育,必须要采取一系列行之有效的措施,其中人工促进再生复壮和加强宏观调控是最关键的环节。     

硫磺回收超级克劳斯-99工艺的应用

介绍了荷兰超级克劳斯—99工艺技术在安庆分公司炼油厂工业应用的设计特点、自动控制系统、装置运行状况和影响平稳生产的主要因素，同时提出改进意见。