Long-Term Monitoring and Prediction for Settlement and Composition of Refuse in Shanghai Laogang Municipal Landfill

Parameters about composition of refuse such as mass percentage of biodegradable matter, volatile solid, organic carbon, cellulose, total sugar, and settlement were monitored and analyzed in a large-scale experimental unit. The empirical formulas between composition and refuse age were established in terms of the data obtained from the experimental unit and verified by comparing with the corresponding parameters of refuse in the closed landfill units from 1991 until 1994 in the Shanghai Laogang Municipal Landfill. Furthermore, the long-term prediction for the composition of refuse was made, and it was predicted that the half-life is 7 to 11 years for biodegradable matter, 9 to 12 years for organic carbon or volatile solid, 7 to 16 years for cellulose, and 4 to 6 years for total sugar. In addition, a mathematical model, based on the mechanism of refuse biodegradation in the landfill, was developed to simulate the relationship between the settlement and the refuse age and manifests the secondary settlement potential. The mathematical model was proved not only to be reliable but also should be accurate for predicting the settlement of the landfill. The secondary settlement, which mainly results from the slow and gradual biodegradation of refuse, is linear with respect to the exponent of refuse age. Finally, according to the settlement model and empirical biodegradation formulas, it may be predicted that, 79.4% of biodegradable matter, 92.9% of total sugar, 72.7% of volatile solid and organic carbon, and 73.1% of cellulose will be biodegraded and that 79% of the maximum secondary settlement potential will occur before the Shanghai Laogang Municipal Landfill is in a high stabilization situation, i.e., approximately 21 years after final closure.     

哈尔滨垃圾堆场内渗滤液的降解行为模拟试验研究

通过对哈尔滨城市生活垃圾的堆放方式进行模拟试验,研究了垃圾堆场内渗滤液的降解行为,并预测出哈尔滨以及在寒冷气候条件下的东北地区渗滤液COD、BOD5和NH3-N浓度达到稳定化至少需要11年.     

氮磷在塘-湿地组合生态系统中的去除机制研究

采用多种形式的塘和湿地组合生态工艺完善传统的生态塘和湿地系统,能实现系统处理环境的多样化,提升对氮、磷的去除效能。对山东某组合生态处理系统的研究表明,组合生态处理系统能够有效提升对氮、磷营养物的去除效果。各生态单元水环境的差异影响着氮和磷的主导去除机制,使氮、磷表现出不同的季节去除规律。其中氮的去除主要依靠生物的硝化反硝化作用。底泥中的磷按照Fe-P>OPalk>Al-P>Ca-P>OPres逐渐变为Ca-P>Fe-P>Al-P>OPalk>OPres,与磷共沉降逐渐成为的主导去除机制。     

不溶性淀粉黄原酸盐聚丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物除铜降浊研究

分别以含Cu2 模拟废水和电镀废水为对象,研究了不溶性淀粉黄原酸盐聚丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物(ISXA)去除Cu2 和降低浊度的能力.论述了该药剂去除Cu2 和降低浊度的优点和机理,探讨了去除Cu 2 的影响因素,如投药量、pH和反应时间.试验表明:(1)对于电镀废水,在5.5倍理论投药量、pH为5.0、反应10 min的条件下,Cu2 去除率为98.89%;当pH≥7时,含Cu2 残渣稳定;在2 mol/L的盐酸和硝酸溶液中浸泡6 h含Cu2 残渣,Cu2 回收率为93.08%;(2)对于含Cu2 模拟废水,在4.5倍理论投药量、pH为5.0、反应10 min的条件下,Cu2 去除率可达99.14%,除Cu2 和降浊存在协同作用.     

Continuous CO2 capture and MSWI fly ash stabilization, utilizing novel dynamic equipment

Novel dynamic equipment with gas in and out continuously was developed to study the capture capacity of CO₂. Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash has a high capture rate of CO₂ in CO₂-rich gas. Fly ash can sequester pure CO₂ rapidly, and its capacity is 16.3 g CO₂/100 g fly ash with no water added and 21.4 g CO₂/100 g fly ash with 20% water added. For simulated incineration gas containing 12% CO₂, the capture rate decreased and the capacity was 13.2 g CO₂/100 g fly ash with no water added and 18.5 g CO₂/100 g fly ash with 20% water added. After accelerated carbonation, the C and O contents increased, indicating CO₂ capture in the fly ash; CO₂ combines with Ca(OH)₂ to form CaCO₃, which increased the CaCO₃ content from 12.5 to 54.3%. The leaching of Pb markedly decreased from 24.48 to 0.111 mg/L.     

Use of GIS in siting stabilization pond facilities for domestic wastewater treatment

Geographic information systems (GIS) use is presented in the problem of sitting areas for construction of natural systems such as stabilization ponds (SPs) for domestic wastewater treatment. For this purpose, several variables, such as topography, land use, type of geological formation, distance to major rivers or lakes, distance to existing cities and villages, existence of environmentally protected areas, mean minimum monthly temperatures and required wastewater effluent characteristics were analyzed with the GIS, in order to accept or reject a particular area within a region. The method is applied in the region of Thrace (Northeast Greece) at the municipal level. The required area for SP systems was calculated in each of the 36 municipalities of Thrace (including two islands, Thassos and Samothraki) as a function of the population of each municipality, temperature and local wastewater effluent discharge criteria. Based on the GIS analysis, suitable locations were identified in each municipality first, and then the total required surface area of these systems was compared to the available surface area of each municipality, in order to decide whether SP systems could be a viable solution to the wastewater management problem in the particular region. In that way the present methodology offers a fast and simple method to check the suitability of new areas for construction of such systems.     

铬渣处理技术及资源化利用研究进展

随着含铬材料的大量使用,在生产和使用过程中产生了大量的废渣。其中六价铬对人体及环境有很大的毒害作用,因此必须要对其进行资源化处理。本文基于此,详细综述了国内外铬渣处理技术及综合利用进展,药剂稳定化技术处理铬渣将成为铬渣稳定化的一个新的发展方向,无论从环境还是经济角度考虑,都有深远的现实意义。     

高压喷射注浆加固地基RJP工法及北京现场试验

为满足土木工程建设对大直径旋喷桩和超深基础防漏止水的需要，１９８８年ＲＪＰ（ＲｏｄｉｎＪｅｔＰｉｌｅ）工法应运而生。其旋喷桩直径达２４０～３２０厘米，固结体质量优良，工艺可靠，成本较低。１９９６年５月在旋喷发明人、本工法专利权拥有者中西涉博士的指导下，中日数公司在北京探矿机械厂内联合进行了ＲＪＰ工法现场试验。旋喷桩直径达３米，团结强度良好，施工工艺简单。试验结果表明，在拥有三重管旋喷设备和经验的中国有良好的推广应用价值和发展前景。     

探讨垃圾填埋场开采回用工程

介绍了垃圾填埋场开采回用的目的、稳定化条件和开采工艺,并结合盐田垃圾场清场处置工程实例,探讨了开采工艺中斜面分层作业和垃圾造堆工艺,得出结论:斜面分层作业和垃圾造堆,可以大大降低垃圾的密度,提高松散度,更有利于保障开挖作业安全。     

稳定塘中枝角类的生物指示作用

经实验观察发现,在多级稳定塘的各个级别中,由于水质的差异、枝角类的数量、颜色、个体大小三特性发生规律性变化,所以,可利用枝角类这些特性变化确定稳定塘污水净化的程度。