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61.
Charles P. Newcombe 《Environmental management》1985,9(4):277-288
The problem of acid deposition and its harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems has created a new branch of science that is called upon to provide the knowledge on which legislative controls can be based. However, because of the nature of existing legislation, which requires evidence of cause and effect between industrial emissions and pollution, and because of science's inability to provide this information over the short term, considerable controversy has arisen about whether sufficient information exists to warrant control measures at this time. Among those who advocate controls, there is genuine divergence of opinion about how stringent the controls must be to achieve any desired level of protection.The controversy has led to an impasse between the scientific and political participants, which is reflected in the slow pace of progress toward an effective management strategy. Resolution of the impasse, at least in the short term, may demand that science and politics rely on empirical models rather than explanatory ones. The empirical model, which is the major proposal in this article, integrates all of the major variables and many of the minor ones, and constructs a three-dimensionally curved surface capable of representing the status of any waterbody subjected to the effects of acid deposition. When suitably calibrated—a process involving the integration of knowledge and data from aquatic biology, geochemistry, meteorology, and limnology—it can be used to depict limits to the rate of acid deposition required for any level of environmental protection. Because it can generate a pictorial display of the effects of management decisions and legislative controls, the model might serve as a basis for enhancing the quality of communication among all the scientific and political participants and help to resolve many of their controversies. 相似文献
62.
研究了泥水体系中柠檬酸-Fe(Ⅱ)/K2SO8降解敌草隆时各影响因子的作用机制,通过正交实验确定了反应的最佳操作条件为:K2SO8浓度为2.0mmol/L,Fe(Ⅱ)浓度为1.0mmol/L,柠檬酸浓度为0.5mmol/L,反应时间为120min,pH=7.0。此奈件下,0.1mmol/L敌草隆降解率可达97.6%。采用分子探针竞争实验鉴定了体系中产生的硫酸根自由基。 相似文献
63.
64.
含硫酸盐有机废水处理问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文分析硫酸盐对厌氧生物处理的不利影响,即硫酸盐通过硫酸盐还原菌对厌氧发酵的第一次抑制作用和硫酸盐的还原产物——硫化氢对产甲烷菌的第二次抑制作用.讨论决定硫酸盐对厌氧生物处理影响程度的几个因素:进水COD/SO_4~(2-)、重金属离子浓度、消化液pH、厌氧污泥浓度等,并认为COD/SO_4~(2-)是其中最主要的因素;最后对处理该类废水的几种方法进行了综述. 相似文献
65.
建立了艾士卡-离子色谱测定植物中含硫量的方法,该法利用植物样品与艾士卡试剂的混合灼烧,将植物中的硫转化为硫酸盐进行测定,再根据硫酸根的含量计算植物中含硫量。经验证,该方法检出限为0.01%,精密度为2.3%~3.9%,回收率为91.7%~104.3%,适用于植物中含硫量的测定。 相似文献
66.
In this paper, black rice husk ashes (BRHAs), which are agrowastes from an electricity generating power plant and a rice mill, were ground and used as a partial cement replacement. The durability of mortars under sulfate attack including expansion and compressive strength loss were investigated. For parametric study, BRHA were used as a Portland cement Type 1 replacement at the levels of 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50% by weight of binder. The water-to-binder ratios were 0.55 and 0.65. For the durability of mortar exposed to sulfate attack, 5% sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) solutions were used. As a result, when increasing the percentage replacement of BRHA, the expansion and compressive strength loss of mortar decreased. At the replacement levels of 30% and 50% of BRHA, the expansion of the mortars was less than those mixed with sulfate-resistant cement. However, the expansion of the mortars exposed to Na2SO4 was more than those exposed to MgSO4. Increasing the replacement level of BRHA tends to reduce the compressive strength loss of mortars exposed to Na2SO4 attack. In contrary, under MgSO4 attack, when increasing the replacement level of BRHA, the compressive strength loss increases from 0% to 50% in comparison to Portland cement mortar. Results show that ground BRHA can be applied as a pozzolanic material to concrete and also improve resistance to sodium sulfate attack, but it can impair resistance to magnesium sulfate attack. 相似文献
67.
Biodegradation of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) by anaerobic consortia from a contaminated site 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examined the role of denitrifying and sulfate-reducing bacteria in biodegradation of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Microbial inocula were obtained from a PETN-contaminated soil. PETN degradation was evaluated using nitrate and/or sulfate as electron acceptors and acetate as a carbon source. Results showed that under different electron acceptor conditions tested, PETN was sequentially reduced to pentaerythritol via the intermediary formation of tri-, di- and mononitrate pentaerythritol (PETriN, PEDN and PEMN). The addition of nitrate enhanced the degradation rate of PETN by stimulating greater microbial activity and growth of nitrite reducing bacteria that were responsible for degrading PETN. However, a high concentration of nitrite (350 mg L−1) accumulated from nitrate reduction, consequently caused self-inhibition and temporarily delayed PETN biodegradation. In contrast, PETN degraded at very similar rates in the presence and absence of sulfate, while PETN inhibited sulfate reduction. It is apparent that denitrifying bacteria possessing nitrite reductase were capable of using PETN and its intermediates as terminal electron acceptors in a preferential utilization sequence of PETN, PETriN, PEDN and PEMN, while sulfate-reducing bacteria were not involved in PETN biodegradation. This study demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions and with sufficient carbon source, PETN can be effectively biotransformed by indigenous denitrifying bacteria, providing a viable means of treatment for PETN-containing wastewaters and PETN-contaminated soils. 相似文献
68.
Keke Li Huosheng Li Tangfu Xiao Gaosheng Zhang Aiping Liang Ping Zhang Lianhua Lin Zexin Chen Xinyu Cao Jianyou Long 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(2):34
69.
Biological sulfate reduction was studied in a laboratory-scale anaerobic sequential batch reactor (14 L) containing mineral coal for biomass attachment. The reactor was fed industrial wastewater with increasingly high sulfate concentrations to establish its application limits. Special attention was paid to the use of butanol in the sulfate reduction that originated from melamine resin production. This product was used as the main organic amendment to support the biological process. The reactor was operated for 65 cycles (48 h each) at sulfate loading rates ranging from 2.2 to 23.8 g SO(4)(2-)/cycle, which corresponds to sulfate concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g SO(4)(2-) L(-1). The sulfate removal efficiency reached 99% at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g SO(4)(2-) L(-1). At higher sulfate concentrations (2.0 and 3.0 g SO(4)(2-) L(-1)), the sulfate conversion remained in the range of 71-95%. The results demonstrate the potential applicability of butanol as the carbon source for the biological treatment of sulfate in an anaerobic batch reactor. 相似文献
70.
Jun Li Aimin Li Yan Li Minhui Cai Gan Luo Yaping Wu Yechao Tian Liqun Xing Quanxing Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(4):47