Do microbial processes regulate the stability of a coral atoll's enclosed pelagic ecosystem?

Complex marine ecosystems contain multiple feedback cycles that can cause unexpected responses to perturbations. To better predict these responses, complicated models are increasingly being developed to enable the study of feedback cycles. However, the sparseness of ecological data often limits the direct empirical parameterization of all model parameters. Here we use a Bayesian inverse analysis approach to synthesize empirical data and ecological theory derived from published studies of a coral atoll's enclosed pelagic ecosystem (Takapoto Atoll, French Polynesia). We then use the estimates of flux magnitudes to parameterize probabilistic compartment models with two forms of heterotrophic consumption: (1) “bottom-up” donor-controlled heterotrophic consumption and (2) “top-down” mass-action heterotrophic consumption. We explore how the flux magnitudes affect the ecosystem's stability properties of resilience, reactivity, and resistance under both assumptions for heterotrophic consumption. The models suggest that the microbial uptake of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) regulates the long term rate of return to steady state following a temporary or pulse perturbation (resilience), and the cycling of carbon between abiotic pools and heterotrophic compartments regulates the short-term response (reactivity). In the bottom-up process model, the sensitivity of steady state masses following a sustained or press perturbation (resistance) is highest for the DOC pool following a sustained change to the microbial uptake rate of DOC. Further, a change in the microbial uptake of DOC propagates through the ecosystem and affects the steady state values of zooplankton. The analysis suggests that the food web is highly dependent on the recycling between the abiotic and biotic carbon pools, particularly as mediated by the microbial consumption of DOC, and this recycling determines how the ecosystem responds to perturbations.     

Beyond Substantial Equivalence: Ethical Equivalence

The concept of substantial equivalence,introduced for the risk assessment of geneticallymodified (GM) food, is a reducing concept because itignores the context in which these products have beenproduced and brought to the consumer at the end of thefood chain. Food quality cannot be restricted to meresubstance and food acts on human beings not only atthe level of nutrition but also through theirrelationship to environment and society. To make thiscontext explicit, I will introduce an ``equivalencescale' for the evaluation of food chains (GM or notGM). By contrast with substantial equivalence, whichinvolves mainly quantitative, analytical methods ofevaluation, ``qualitative equivalence' refers to ``less'or non-substantial factors that require new methodsof evaluation based on qualitative principles.``Ethical equivalence' refers to factors that show themoral value contained in food products. To analyze thedifferent levels at which ethics is needed in foodchains, I will use the French principles: ``Liberty,Equality, Fraternity,' or freedom, equality,solidarity, and add a fourth principle:sustainability. Sustainability, solidarity, andfreedom can be applied to the evaluation ofenvironmental, socio-economic, and socio-culturalethical equivalence, respectively. Equality refers tojustice and should operate so as to guarantee thatsustainability, solidarity, and freedom are satisfied.I suggest that ethics can provide a basis for arenewal of the food chain concept. Besides QualityAssurance, it is now essential to develop an ``EthicalAssurance' and this equivalence scale could provide abasis to set up ``Ethical Assurance Standards' (EAS)for food chains.     

改善链条炉燃烧的几种有效方法

采用燃煤布湿和安装分层燃烧装置 ,较好地解决了锅炉燃烧不完全的问题 ,降低了煤耗 ,提高了锅炉的热效率     

投放底栖动物强化水耕植物过滤法的净水效果

在水耕植物过滤法净水系统中的植物栽培廊道中,通过投放2种底栖动物螺蛳和泥鳅延长食物链后,TN、TP、TOC、Chl.a的去除效果均比未投放底栖动物的廊道有所提高.投放螺蛳的效果最为显著,TN、TP、Chl.a的去除率增幅分别达54%、27%和26%,比较了不同廊道中底泥的硝化、反硝化潜力,投放螺蛳的廊道其反硝化潜力最大,为9.08×10^-7g/(g·h),而硝化潜力最小,为3.65×10^-6g/(g·h).除氮能力大幅增加的原因,是由于螺蛳的引入增加了物质在食物链营养级传递中的损耗,另一方面是由于螺蛳的存在提高了底泥的反硝化潜力.     

定量RT-PCR检测雌二醇诱导的青鳉鱼基因表达

采用实时定量RT-PCR(Q-RT-PCR)方法,对暴露60d雌二醇的雄性青鳉鱼肝脏内卵黄蛋白原(VTG)和卵壳前体蛋白(CHG)基因表达进行研究.结果表明,0.1,1.0,10.0,100.0ng/L的雌二醇使肝脏内VTG-I,VTG-II,CHG-L和CHG-H基因表达被显著诱导.其中VTG-I显示出较好的剂量—效应关系,是较为理想的生物标记物基因.在0.1ng/L雌二醇暴露组中,VTG-I和VTG-II的表达量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),表明本方法具有检测环境中低剂量雌二醇暴露的潜力.     

织物染色、印花生产废水处理技术

采用混凝沉淀酸化水解悬挂链曝气生物碳组合工艺处理织物染色、印花生产废水。处理后出水CODCr≤100mgL,去降率≥93%;各项水质指标均稳定的达到了(GB428792)纺织染整工业水污染物排放一级标准。     

三重属性的承载力约束下中国水资源利用效率动态演进特征分析

基于水资源"资源禀赋-社会经济-生态环境"三重属性约束建立承载力测算模型,创新性地将水资源承载力作为投入要素,构建SFA效率测算模型,运用2003～2017年中国31个省份面板数据,应用Kernel密度估计和Markov链对水资源使用效率的动态演进特征进行分析.结果表明:①中国大部分省份水资源承载力在稳步提升,西北、华北、东北和华中地区呈较低水平,西南、华南等地区呈较高水平;②中国所有省份水资源利用效率均保持稳定增长,西部地区比中、东部地区增长幅度更大,整体呈现东高西低,南高北低的空间态势;③中国水资源利用效率动态演进存在多极化和趋同化现象,部分省份存在梯度效应,同时具有俱乐部收敛特征,流动性差,马太效应凸显.为实现水资源、社会和环境的协调耦合,降低区域间资源使用效率差异,提升水资源利用效率,提出需要充分考虑水资源承载力,统筹全国及区域水资源供需协调发展战略,构建水权交易市场等建议.     

温和预氧化提高后续生物修复石油污染土壤

为得到一种能促进后期生物阶段高效降解石油烃(TPH)的温和Fenton预氧化方式,本文考察了不同Fenton预氧化过程中羟基自由基(·OH)特征、后续生物修复过程中营养消耗、土著菌活性(CO_2)以及TPH去除量的差异,结果表明,温和Fenton预氧化组(·OH存在时间:73 h;双氧水浓度:225 mmol·L~(-1))中·OH存在时间短H_2O_2用量少,残余细菌活性高,后续对石油的生物降解率高,不加菌就能够达到与加菌相同的修复效果(TPH去除率38%左右).且在不加菌的条件下,后期生物阶段TPH去除率,温和预氧化组(38%)要高于普通预氧化组(15. 32%～33. 15%).进一步分析各链烃的去除效果,发现在后续生物修复阶段,温和预氧化组能减少对链烃组分(C17～C21)的抑制;而对比各组的土著菌活性,发现温和预氧化可以适当刺激土著微生物生长并提高其活性,这些因素均有利于TPH的去除.温和预氧化在后期生物修复阶段对TPH的去除不加菌就能够达到与加菌相同的处理效果,是一种低成本可行的修复方式.     

DNA提取方法对活性污泥微生物多样性PCR-DGGE检测的影响

评价超声波法、2种基于SDS的裂解法、改进的化学裂解法、微波法和冻融 玻璃珠 溶菌酶 SDS等6种DNA提取方法对活性污泥微生物多样性PCR-DGGE检测的影响.结果表明,2种不同的DNA纯化方式(溶液和胶纯化)及PCR扩增方式(直接和巢式PCR)对DGGE结果没有明显的影响,但不同的DNA提取方法对DGGE结果有明显的影响,其中2种基于SDS裂解法的DGGE条带较多,其提取的DNA产量(14.85μg/g湿重)和纯度(OD260:OD280＞1.80)也最高;改进的化学裂解法和微波法次之;超声波法、冻融 玻璃珠 溶菌酶 SDS法较少.研究表明,DNA提取方法是影响活性污泥微生物多样性PCR-DGGE检测结果的关键因素,基于SDS的裂解法是用于活性污泥微生物多样性PCR-DGGE研究的一种简便、可靠的总DNA提取方法.     

区块链技术在安全生产信息化建设中的应用

为了促进安全生产信息化平台在数据方面进行分析以及整合,基于区块链本身的匿名性、去中心化、安全性、开放性以及独立性等优势,提出将区块链技术应用于安全生产信息化建设,研究表明,区块链技术的应用将能够为企业针对生产安全状态进行有效监督提供最大的帮助,最大限度的实现资源共享,为企业监督、政府部门监管提供便利条件,各企业之间就安全问题进行交流沟通,安全评价服务机构针对各企业安全生产存在的问题提供更有针对性的服务,同时对于提升服务效率以及服务质量有着重要现实意义。