热灾害过程的非线性动力学理论

论证了一般热灾害系统的多重特性。提出非线性特性是一般热灾害系统（含火灾系统）本质特性的观点。将热灾害过程中存在的特殊现象与对应的非线性动力系统的复杂和奇异行为对应,由此可通过研究非线性动力系统动力轨道的拓扑和演化特性,研究特殊热灾害现象。指出非线性作用是特殊热灾害现象产生的最根本机制。初建了非线性热灾害动力学理论     

XBG系列保温材料的制备与应用

介绍了ＸＢＧ系列复合再生型无污染保温材料的研制、施工、回收再生及产品的特点和用途．实际应用表明，该产品安全可靠，保温效果显著，施工方便，可回收利用     

海岸热边界层熏烟模式的应用研究

在海风和陆地热边界层条件下，水陆边界处高架点源可能发生熏烟污染，通常可以应用熏烟扩散模式进行模拟。但是，常用熏烟模式中假设烟流进入边界层内后立即在垂直方向均匀分布，导致算出不合理的高浓度区。假设烟流进入边界层后．主要受到因为大气稳定度变化扩散条件因此变化的影响，改进了计算公式。把原有模式和改进模式分别应用于某滨海区的一个电厂高架点源，结果表明，改进后模式的计算结果更加合理。因此建议类似工作采用改进后的模式。     

第二代空气质量模式HPDM的分析改进

对第二代空气质量模式一混合烟气扩散模式ＨＰＤＭ进行了分析，通过与ＰＰＳＰ、ＡＭＳ、ＧＢ等模式的对比和工程验算，提出了ＨＰＤＭ在计算混合层高度和处理烟气穿透方面的缺陷，并提出了相应的改进方案。计算结果表明：改进以后的模式性能更加完善，其预测结果总体上与改进前相当，但在夜间不出现浓度值的大幅度跃变，在部分局部穿透情况下不出现极端高浓度。     

燃气火焰中热力型NOx的生成与控制

燃气火焰中热力型ＮＯｘ以ＮＯ为主，以ＮＯ为主，燃烧温度对ＮＯ生成起决定作用，空气系数也主要通过改变燃烧温度影响ＮＯｘ生成。燃烧温度大于１８００Ｋ时，有较多ＮＯ生成。降低燃烧温度与保持高效燃烧相协调是控制ＮＯｘ生成的关键。     

板料激光弯曲成形及其数值模拟

介绍了一种利用激光扫描板料时形成的不均匀温度场所诱发的热应力进行弯曲变形的技术。采用非耦合模型,用有限元法对成形过程中的三维瞬态温度场及形变场进行了数值模拟,定量地解释了板料激光弯曲的变形机理。文中还介绍了动态边界热流的引入方法及改进热弹塑有限元计算精度和收敛性的措施。模拟值与实测值吻合。     

Effect of Al2O3 doping on the structure and performance of an Al2O3/Fe2O3 catalyst for mercury oxidation

In this study,the thermal stability of a Fe_2 O_3 catalyst for mercury oxidation was significantly improved by doping with Al_2 O_3.After 1 hr,the catalyst doped with 10 wt.% Al_2 O_3 still exhibited a mercury conversion efficiency of 70.9%,while the undoped sample even lost its catalytic activity.Doping with Al_2 O_3 retarded the collapse of the catalyst mesoporous structure during high-temperature calcination,and the doped samples maintained a higher specific surface area,smaller pore size,and narrower pore size distribution.Transmission electron microscope images revealed that after calcination at 350℃,the average size of the catalyst grains in Fe_2 O_3 was 23.4 nm;however,the corresponding values for 1%Al_2 O_3/Fe_2 O_3,3%Al_2 O_3/Fe_2 O_3,and 10%Al_2 O_3/Fe_2 O_3 were only 13.3,7.1,and 4.7 nm,respectively.Results obtained from X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry coupled with differential scanning calorimetry confirmed that doping with Al_2 O_3 also retards the crystallization of the catalysts at high temperature,constraining catalyst grains to a smaller size.     

Modelling breakdown of industrial thermal insulation during fire exposure

The aging of many of the installations in the oil and gas industry may increase the likelihood of loss of containment of flammable substances, which could lead to major accidents. Flame temperatures in a typical hydrocarbon fire may reach 1100–1200 °C, which are associated with heat flux levels between 250 and 350 kW/m². To limit or delay the escalation of an initial fire, passive fire protection (PFP) can be an effective barrier. Additionally, both equipment and piping may require thermal insulation for heat or cold conservation. Previous studies have investigated whether thermal insulation alone may protect the equipment for a required time period, e.g., until adequate depressurization is achieved. The present study entails the development of a numerical model for predicting the heat transport through a multi-layer wall of a distillation column exposed to fire. The outer surface is covered by stainless-steel weather protective cladding, followed by PFP, thermal insulation, and finally an inner column of carbon steel of variable thicknesses. The model for the breakdown of thermal insulation is based on observed dimensional changes and independent measurements of the thermal conductivity of the insulation after heat treatment. The calculated temperature profiles of thermally insulated carbon steel during fire exposure are compared to fire test results for carbon steel with thicknesses of 16, 12, 6 and 3 mm. The model's predictions agree reasonably well with the experiments. The degradation of the thermal insulation at temperatures above 1100 °C limits its applicability as fire protection, especially for low carbon-steel thickness. However, the model predicts that adding a 10-mm layer of more heat-resistant insulation (PFP) inside the fire-exposed cladding may considerably extend the time to breakdown of the thermal insulation.     

Probe into effect of the initiator on the thermal runaway hazards of methyl methacrylate bulk polymerization

The bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) is of great importance in chemical industry, but the polymerization process is highly hazardous, and few reports have focused on the effect of initiators on its thermal hazards. In this work, to thoroughly explore the thermal hazard characteristics, the runaway behavior of MMA bulk polymerization is investigated by a combination of thermodynamics experimental and kinetics theoretical methods. The results indicate that the presence of initiator exhibits an undesirable thermal hazard to the MMA bulk polymerization, and its exothermic behavior is also greatly influenced by the type and concentration of initiator. For azobisisoheptanenitrile (ABVN), azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) initiators as examples, the AIBN-initiated reaction has the shortest adiabatic induction period (39.51 min), whereas the BPO-initiated polymerization exhibits the strongest maximum temperature-rising rate and maximum pressure-rising rate. Under adiabatic runaway, the temperature and pressure change significantly with increasing AIBN concentration, revealing a great potential risk of thermal runaway. Kinetic parameters are calculated to further understand the thermal runaway mechanisms, showing a strong agreement with the adiabatic experimental data. Finally, based on the cooling failure scenario, severity grading is determined by the evaluation criteria. The current work provides extensive data as a reference and guidance for the process design and optimization of MMA bulk polymerization from the perspective of safety.     

高性能防护织物

近年来,高性能防护织物已成为技术纺织品的重要分支。本文就应用最广的热防护织物和恶劣天气防护织物进行介绍和论述,以期引起有关科技人员的重视,共同研究开发,使我国的高性能纺织品有较快的发展。