内循环厌氧反应器的启动及影响因素

采用内循环(IC)厌氧反应器,以生产淀粉和酒精的混合废水为处理对象,研究了中温条件下IC反应器的启动及影响因素。结果表明:接种厌氧消化污泥进行培养,逐渐提高进水有机负荷,运行105 d后,可实现IC反应器的启动;当进水COD浓度为11 500 mg/L,有机容积负荷为6.13 kg COD/(m3·d),COD去除率能到达95%左右;水力停留时间对启动过程没有影响,而温度和温度波动影响COD去除率;VFA比pH更能准确快速地反眏出反应器内部环境的变化,防止反应器的酸化;反应器内污泥实现颗粒化,并且具有良好的沉降性。     

pH对混合污泥水解酸化的影响

pH对剩余污泥和初沉污泥水解酸化的影响已有报道,但pH对混合污泥水解酸化的影响尚鲜见报道。为此对厌氧环境,(20±1)℃,pH=4～11以及不控制pH条件下混合污泥的水解酸化特征进行了研究。研究发现:对pH调控有利于污泥SCOD的溶出,在较强的碱性条件下污泥溶出的SCOD要大于其他条件下的,特别是pH=10和11条件下污泥溶出的SCOD要远高于其他条件下。碱性环境和酸性环境以及中性环境相比更有利于混合污泥产酸,最佳产酸pH条件为pH=10。在酸性和极端碱性条件下均有利于混合污泥中氨氮和磷的释放。碱性环境利于挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)的去除,但不利于总悬浮固体(TSS)的去除。在不同pH条件下将混合污泥的发酵特征和剩余污泥和初沉污泥发酵特征比较,发现3种污泥水解和产酸均在碱性条件下最好,且在20～22℃的条件下,产酸量均在pH=10的条件下达到最大。     

VFA generation from waste activated sludge: effect of temperature and mixing

The success of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) depends on the constant availability of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). To reduce costs, waste streams would be a preferred source. Since VFAs were shown to vary in the incoming sewage and fermentate from primary sludge the next available source is waste activated sludge (WAS). The opportunity is particularly good in plants where WAS is stored before shipment. Little information is however available on the rate of VFA release from such sludge, especially at the lower temperatures and under the storage conditions typically found in colder climates. Bench-scale batch tests were performed to investigate the effect of temperature and requirement for mixing on VFA generation from WAS generated in full scale non-EBPR wastewater treatment plant. WAS fermentation was found highly temperature-dependent. Hydrolysis rate constant (k_h) values of 0.17, 0.08 and 0.04 d⁻¹ at 24.6, 14 and 4 °C were obtained, respectively. Arrhenius temperature coefficient was calculated to be 1.07. It took 5 d to complete hydrolysis at 24.6 °C, 7 d at 14 °C, and 9 d at 4 °C. The fermentation lasted for 20 d. At 24.6 °C the mixed reactor reached 84% of the overall VFA production only in 5 d. When temperature dropped to 14 and 4 °C, the ratio of VFA production at day 10 to overall VFA production in the mixed reactor were 62% and 48%, respectively. The overall VFA-COD concentration in the non-mixed reactors was much lower than the mixed reactors. The information is important for the designer as there was uncertainty with the effect of temperature and mixing on sludge fermentation.     

Effects of a gradually increased load of fish waste silage in co-digestion with cow manure on methane production

This study examined the effects of an increased load of nitrogen-rich organic material on anaerobic digestion and methane production. Co-digestion of fish waste silage (FWS) and cow manure (CM) was studied in two parallel laboratory-scale (8 L effective volume) semi-continuous stirred tank reactors (designated R1 and R2). A reactor fed with CM only (R0) was used as control. The reactors were operated in the mesophilic range (37 °C) with a hydraulic retention time of 30 days, and the entire experiment lasted for 450 days. The rate of organic loading was raised by increasing the content of FWS in the feed stock. During the experiment, the amount (volume%) of FWS was increased stepwise in the following order: 3% – 6% – 13% – 16%, and 19%. Measurements of methane production, and analysis of volatile fatty acids, ammonium and pH in the effluents were carried out. The highest methane production from co-digestion of FWS and CM was 0.400 L CH4 gVS^?1, obtained during the period with loading of 16% FWS in R2. Compared to anaerobic digestion of CM only, the methane production was increased by 100% at most, when FWS was added to the feed stock. The biogas processes failed in R1 and R2 during the periods, with loadings of 16% and 19% FWS, respectively. In both reactors, the biogas processes failed due to overloading and accumulation of ammonia and volatile fatty acids.     

pH值对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产挥发性脂肪酸的影响

通过间歇实验研究了中温条件下pH值对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的影响.考察了pH值为5.0、6.0、7.0及不控制pH值下的有机酸浓度及组成情况.结果表明,当控制反应器中pH值为6.0时,餐厨垃圾水解酸化效果最好,比其他pH值条件下产生更多的有机酸.pH值为6.0时,VFA浓度与单位VS产酸量在第68h达到最大值,分别为40.89g/L和0.328gVFA/gVS,是不控制pH值时的8倍.pH值对发酵产物组成影响显著.不控制pH值时,反应器内的pH值在24h内由6.6迅速下降到3.8,乙醇为主要的发酵产物,占59.8%,表现为典型的乙醇型发酵.当控制pH值为5.0、6.0、7.0时,均为丁酸型发酵.但pH值为5.0时,乙酸为主要产物;pH值为6.0时,丁酸为主要产物;pH值为7.0时,乙酸与丁酸比例相当.试验表明,餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产酸的最佳pH值为6.0.     

Ce3+对厌氧颗粒污泥产VFA的影响

采用批式实验,以葡萄糖和乙酸钠为基质,研究投加不同浓度稀土Ce³⁺对稳定驯化和长期贮存的厌氧颗粒污泥消化产VFA的影响.结果表明,Ce³⁺浓度<1 mg/L时可降低消化过程中的VFA浓度,促进丁酸向乙酸的转化以及乙酸转化为甲烷;Ce³⁺浓度为1～10 mg/L时则抑制细菌活性,不利于乙酸和丁酸的降解.稀土Ce的投加对以葡萄糖为基质的厌氧颗粒污泥消化产VFA中各组分的质量分数影响较小,厌氧消化前期和中期VFA产物主要为丁酸和乙酸,两者含量之和约为96%,丙酸含量<3%.以乙酸钠为唯一基质厌氧消化时,0.05 mg/L Ce³⁺的投加对乙酸钠降解具有一定促进作用,可提高反应速率和去除率.污泥经过长期贮存活性降低,但含稀土Ce的厌氧颗粒污泥活性高于不含稀土的污泥,利用含稀土Ce的污泥有利于反应器再启动.     

水解酸化工艺效果评价体系研究

针对水解酸化工艺特点,从酸化率、酸化水平、酸化速率等7个指标综合建立了水解酸化工艺效果评价体系,并采用难生物降解的高浓度抗生素废水考察了其实际应用。研究表明,水解酸化工艺是难生物降解有机废水的高效预处理手段,建立完善的工艺效果评价体系,将会推动该工艺的高效广泛应用。     

高温好氧消化污泥对生物除磷的强化作用初探

由于高温好氧消化(TAD)后的污泥中常含有一定浓度的挥发性脂肪酸(VFA),为考察其对生物除磷系统的影响,通过将TAD污泥上清液与乙酸钠进行磷去除作用的对比试验。表明在厌氧条件下,加入TAD污泥的上清液,会使大量的P释放,磷释放规律及其释放速度均与乙酸钠造成的磷释放相当,因此,可以考虑将高温好氧消化污泥或上清液回流作为一种补充碳源,以强化生物除磷系统的除磷效果。但实际应用中,还要考虑到VFA降解以及回流污泥中的氮磷负荷,而且长期回流还需要进一步的试验验证。     

油酸钠对餐厨垃圾两相厌氧发酵中利用乙酸产甲烷过程的影响

为了研究餐厨垃圾油脂中含有的长链脂肪酸(主要是油酸)对两相厌氧发酵中利用乙酸产甲烷过程的影响,采用中温(35±1)℃批式发酵,以浓度为10 g·L~(-1)的餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产甲烷相出水为接种液,以乙酸为底物,考察了添加不同浓度油酸钠对累积甲烷产量、产甲烷古菌数量以及发酵过程中乙酸代谢和氢气分压的影响.结果表明:1产甲烷延滞期随油酸钠浓度增加而延长.2油酸钠浓度低于6.0 g·L~(-1)的处理组经过延滞期后乙酸代谢恢复正常,可以完全被转化为甲烷,且部分油酸钠也可被转化为甲烷;油酸钠浓度高于8.0 g·L~(-1)的处理组乙酸代谢受到严重抑制,只有少量甲烷生成;油酸钠生成中间代谢产物,且甲烷转化率为0.3油酸钠对厌氧发酵中产甲烷古菌有严重的抑制作用,产甲烷古菌数量大幅度减少是乙酸代谢过程受到抑制的主要原因.4油酸钠的添加量超过6.0 g·L~(-1)时,在发酵初期会引起产甲烷相中氢分压的升高,也证实了油酸钠对厌氧发酵的抑制作用.