Advanced process systems design technology for pollution prevention and waste treatment

The paper presents a generic process synthesis and optimisation tool suitable to take up applications in the design of waste treatment systems and in pollution prevention. The main component of the technology is a generalized process synthesis representation for simultaneous consideration of reaction and separation in multiphase systems that is amenable for stochastic optimisation. The flexibility of the representation allows applications to overall process synthesis problems as well as to decomposed reactor, reactive separation and mass exchange network design problems. Applications of the synthesis framework to waste water treatments processes using activated sludge and to natural gas sweetening in hybrid membrane-adsorption processes are presented. The paper highlights the use of the systematic technology in environmental systems design and shows how novel designs of improved performance as well as optimal design knowledge can be revealed using the systematic design framework. Context abstract: Environmental process systems for waste treatment and pollution prevention become increasingly complicated to design. There is a strong need for technology that provides systematic decision support to the process synthesis team in order to enable the timely selection of processes that operate close to the performance limits of the system under consideration. Conventional, optimisation-based process design technology is severely limited by the number of design decisions they can support simultaneously as well as by the increasingly complex process models required for the meaningful mathematical representation of environmental process systems. We have devised an optimisation-based process design methodology for integrated reaction and separation systems that overcomes major limitations of existing tools. This paper illustrates the use of this technology to provide systematic decision-support to the environmental process systems designer.     

推行垃圾的分类收集

本文阐述应用市场经济法则,用经济手段来实现垃圾的分类收集,从而建立一种新的垃圾收集的运行机制。     

废旧家电回收体系建设的思考

废旧家电作为资源已被充分认识，介绍废旧家电的回收现状和回收处置的重要性，分析回收体系建设的六种渠道，结合我国部分大中城市的回收实践，探讨并提出了回收体系建设的参考途径。     

轧钢废水全循环综合利用经济效益分析

轧钢厂废水全循环综合利用改造项目的确定，从项目设备投资，运转费用投资以及项目建成后节约用水，减少排污费等方面，阐述微观产生的经济效益，宏观产生的环境效益，揭示了该项目带来的积极影响。     

含油废水处理过程中优势菌群的筛选

研究了用生物法处理含油废水的微生物净化效能，对整个处理装置的各反应池中的降解菌群进行了筛选。共分离出45株菌，分别属于14个属。并测定出芽孢杆菌在曝气池、二沉法和排水口三处占优势。     

味精生产的污染排放分析与治理研究

以东北地区某味精生产厂为例,对味精生产从水体、大气、固废三个方面进行了污染分析。通过对污水处理和大气污染治理的系统控制以及对固体废弃物的综合利用研究,结果表明,味精生产中污染排放能够达到国家的相关标准。     

生化法净化低浓度挥发性有机废气的动力学模式研究

针对目前国际上常用的吸收－生物膜理论，在描述生化法净化低浓度挥发性有机废气机理过程中的存在问题，提出了吸附－生物膜的新理论，并依据这一新理论建立了生物膜填料塔净化低浓度甲苯废气的动力学模式。实验结果表明，其模拟计算值与实验值之间有很好的相关性，相关系数Ｐ〉０．９３，利用这一新理论及模式，可由已知操作参数对生物膜填料塔的净化效果进行预测计算，也能为有关的理论研究和实际操作提供参考。     

轧钢酸洗废液制备聚合氯化铁的工艺条件研究

利用轧钢酸洗废液制备出一种新型高效的无机高分子絮凝剂-聚合氯化铁,进行了合成条件研究。研究结果表明利用酸洗废液制备聚合氯化铁的反应条件:反应温度控制在常温,废液中二价铁与氧化剂氯酸钠的物质的量的比为1∶0.08,每100mL酸洗废液加入17 mL浓盐酸,反应时间在5 min。所制得的聚合氯化铁产品,总铁含量大于40%,盐基度为58.7%,密度为1.3g/mL。     

工业废水处理技术综述

对目前常用的工业废水处理方法进行综述。工业废水处理按其作用原理，可分为物理法、化学法、物理化学法和生物法四类。物理法有调节、过滤、沉淀、浮力浮上法等；化学法有混凝法、中和法、氧化还原法、化学沉淀法等；物理化学法有吸附法、离子交换法、膜分离法、气提法、萃取法等；生物法有好氧生物处理和厌氧生物处理。     

湿式氧化处理剩余污泥反应动力学研究

针对剩余污泥湿式氧化处理过程。以污泥中挥发分的去除为目标污染物，进行了化工废水剩余污泥．炼油废水剩余污泥湿式氧化过程动力学研究，并对湿式氧化两阶段一级动力学模型和广义动力学模型的动力学进行求解。两阶段一级动力学模型说明化工污泥．炼油污泥湿式氧化过程均属于快速反应期接慢速反应期。但不同污泥其活化能和指前因子相差较大：而用广义动力学模型可以建立通用的剩余污泥湿式氧化反应速率方程，该模型应用于城市废水剩余污泥湿式氧化过程，计算值与试验值有很好的相关性（P^2≥0．98）。