From waste hot-pot oil as carbon precursor to development of recyclable attapulgite/carbon composites for wastewater treatment

The utilization of waste products as valuable materials was a technical imperative for waste management. In this study, the cost-effective attapulgite/carbon(APT/C) composite was developed for wastewater treatment using waste hot-pot oil as a carbon precursor through a facile one-step calcination process. The APT/C composite prepared at 300°C exhibited the excellent adsorption capacity and rapid equilibrium rate over a broad p H range for the removal of various pollutants. More importantly, the removal ratios of the composites toward Methyl Violet and tetracycline still remained 77.6% and 60.2% of the initial adsorption capacity after ten adsorption–regeneration cycles via a facile thermal regeneration strategy, respectively.Beyond all doubt, this research provided a feasible and economical way for the sustainable utilization of waste hot-pot oil in wastewater treatment, achieving the concept of disposal waste with waste and recycling.     

Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)铁氧体工艺原位处理PVA废水及其沉淀物回收利用

为了评价Fe（Ⅲ）/Fe（Ⅱ）铁氧体工艺对PVA（聚乙烯醇）废水处理的可行性,采用Fe（Ⅲ）/Fe（Ⅱ）铁氧体工艺原位处理PVA模拟废水,考察不同作用时间、总铁投加量、初始ρ（PVA）和废水硬度对该工艺处理效果的影响.利用XRD（X射线衍射）、FT-IR（傅里叶转换红外光谱）、BET比表面积、VSM（磁滞回线测试）对沉淀物进行表征,解析该工艺原位处理PVA模拟废水的主要机理,并以该工艺沉淀物为吸附剂,通过锑吸附试验,探讨该工艺沉淀物的回用性.结果表明:①Fe（Ⅲ）/Fe（Ⅱ）铁氧体工艺对PVA模拟废水具有良好的处理能力,初始ρ（PVA）为1 000 mg/L时,该工艺在20 min以内即可达到80%以上的去除率,并且基本没有金属铁的残余,该工艺对PVA的去除率随总铁投加量的增加而提高且基本不受水体硬度影响. ②在Fe（Ⅲ）/Fe（Ⅱ）铁氧体工艺对PVA的原位去除过程中,PVA作为一种反应物参与沉淀物Fe₃O₄的生成,并促进纳米Fe₃O₄比表面积增大,最终形成一种类似于凝胶的Fe₃O₄聚合物. ③Fe（Ⅲ）/Fe（Ⅱ）铁氧体工艺可高效处理模拟PVA-MB（亚甲基蓝）染料废水.对于含有100 mg/L MB（亚甲基蓝三水）和500 mg/L PVA的混合溶液,MB和COD_Cr去除率在1 min时分别达到97.37%和89.47%.沉淀物通过磁分离、乙醇和水清洗后,在水中浸出的ρ（TOC）和ρ（COD_Cr）很低,分别为0.86和2 mg/L,可作为吸附剂直接使用,得益于其具有较高的比表面积,对金属锑的拟合吸附量可达71.94 mg/g. ④Fe（Ⅲ）/Fe（Ⅱ）铁氧体工艺具有一定的实际应用价值.对东莞某实际印染废水处理5 min,COD_Cr和染料的去除率分别为85.71%和98.98%.研究显示,Fe（Ⅲ）/Fe（Ⅱ）铁氧体工艺可高效去除PVA,沉淀物为易回收的磁性Fe₃O₄,可作为吸附剂直接使用.      

基于模态叠加法的振动响应修正方法研究概述

针对模态叠加法受模态选取和截断等影响,往往导致动力学计算精度不高,尤其是对高频响应难以预测这一缺点,对多个基于模态叠加的修正方法研究的现状和发展趋势进行了概述,简要分析了各个修正方法的优劣,并结合目前的大规模并行计算技术探讨了添加这些修正方法的可能性。研究表明,模态加速度法是目前相对容易实现的一种修正算法,最易于在大规模并行计算和实际工程应用中实现。     

SRIS对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮去除效能及微生态分析

针对垃圾渗滤液中ρ（NH₃-N）较高、可生化性较差、处理困难的问题,以老龄垃圾渗滤液为研究对象,探讨了改良SRIS（土地快速渗滤系统）对NH₃-N的处理效果与最高处理负荷量,同时分析了系统不同深度的ρ（NH₃-N）的变化,并利用高通量测序技术分析了进水前、后系统中的微生物群落演替情况.结果表明:①在进水ρ（NH₃-N）为125 mg/L左右、水力负荷为0.11 m3/（m2·d）、进水频率为1次/d下,垃圾渗滤液经改良SRIS的一级、二级渗滤柱处理后出水ρ（NH₃-N）平均值为3 mg/L,NH₃-N去除率在97.5%以上;提高水力负荷为0.22 m3/（m2·d）后,NH₃-N去除率为87.27%;进水频率改为2次/d,NH₃-N去除率达到96.17%.②改良SRIS的一级、二级渗滤柱所能处理的最高NH₃-N去除量分别为200和110 mg/L,并且主要在下层和底层部分发生去除.③改良SRIS中下层微生物群落多样性最为丰富,微生物群落以变形菌门（Proteobacteria）为主,在属水平下微小杆菌属（Exiguobacterium）相对丰度最高,同时还存在多种有利于NH₃-N去除的硝化、反硝化细菌以及浮霉菌,为NH₃-N的去除提供了保障.研究显示,改良SRIS对垃圾渗滤液中NH₃-N具有良好的去除效果,可为老龄垃圾渗滤液的有效处理提供借鉴.      

Marketing issues related to waste-grown aquatic foods

Environmental Management - Are societal wastes all bad? Some of them, including heat from power plants and certain organic wastes, have been demonstrated to be potentially valuable for growing...     

Processing and Characterization of Short-Fiber Reinforced Jute/Poly Butylene Succinate Biodegradable Composites: The Effect of Weld-Line

Fabrication of complex injection molded parts often involves the use of multiple gates. In such situations, polymer melts from different gates meld to form the molded part (weld line). This paper reports on the fabrication and characterization of the mechanical and morphological properties of short fiber reinforced jute/poly butylene succinate (PBS) biodegradable composites. The effect of a dual gated mold in the fabrication of welded specimens was a key focus of the investigation. It was observed that incorporation of jute fiber (10 wt%) conferred drastic changes on the stress–strain properties of the matrix as the elongation at break (EB), dropped from 160% in the matrix to just 10% in the composite. The tensile strength of the composite was lower than that of the matrix. However, it is noteworthy that the tensile modulus of the composite increased. Bending test also revealed that both bending strength and modulus increased with the incorporation of jute. Morphological studies of the tensile fracture surface using SEM revealed two types of failure mode. Ductile failure was indicated by plastic deformation at the initiation of fracture followed by brittle failure. The good interfacial bonding indicated between jute and PBS was attributed to positive interaction between the two polar polymers. A comparison of the non-weld and weld-line samples revealed that the weld-line composites have better mechanical integrity than the corresponding polymer matrix with weld line. The results also revealed that elongation at break and toughness are most sensitive to the presence of the weld-line whereas flexural properties are least sensitive.     

蒙城地震台地磁绝对观测数据处理分析软件

蒙城地震台地磁绝对观测数据主要通过手工方式计算处理,由于内容多而繁琐,很容易出现人为错误,而且工作效率不高。本文介绍了“蒙城地震台地磁绝对观测数据处理分析软件”,该软件将绝对观测日常数据处理工作有效整合,形成了流程,提高了数据处理效率。并能够对数据进行误差统计、趋势分析等,以了解观测资料的实际状况。     

The use of a sequential leaching procedure for assessing the heavy metal leachability in lime waste from the lime kiln at a caustizicing process of a pulp mill

A five-stage sequential leaching procedure was used to fractionate 13 heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, Fe, Mn, Al, Ni, Co, As, V, Ba) and sulphur (S) in lime waste from the lime kiln at the causticizing plant of Stora Enso Oyj Veitsiluoto Pulp Mills at Kemi, Northern Finland, into the following fractions: (1) water-soluble fraction (H₂O), (2) exchangeable fraction (CH₃COOH), (3) easily reduced fraction (HONH₃Cl), (4) oxidizable fraction (H₂O₂ + CH₃COONH₄), and (5) residual fraction (HF + HNO₃ + HCl). Although metals were leachable in all fractions, the highest concentrations for most of the metals were observed in the residual fraction (stage 5). It was also notable that the total heavy metal concentrations in lime waste did not exceed the maximal allowable heavy metal concentrations for soil conditioner agents set by the ministry of the Agricultural and Forestry in Finland. The heavy metals concentrations in lime waste were also lower than the maximal allowable heavy metals concentrations of the European Union Directive 86/278/EEC on the protection of environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture. The Ca concentration (420 g kg⁻¹; d.w.) was about 262 times higher than the typical value of 1.6 g kg⁻¹ (d.w.) in arable land in Central Finland. However, the concentration Mg (0.2 g kg⁻¹; d.w.) in lime waste was equal to the Mg concentration in arable land in the Central Finland. The lime waste has strongly alkaline pH (12.8) and a neutralizing value (i.e. liming effect) of 47.9% expressed as Ca equivalents (d.w.). This indicates lime waste to be a potential soil conditioner and improvement as well as a pH buffer.     

Recent developments in the application of risk analysis to waste technologies

The European waste sector is undergoing a period of unprecedented change driven by business consolidation, new legislation and heightened public and government scrutiny. One feature is the transition of the sector towards a process industry with increased pre-treatment of wastes prior to the disposal of residues and the co-location of technologies at single sites, often also for resource recovery and residuals management. Waste technologies such as in-vessel composting, the thermal treatment of clinical waste, the stabilisation of hazardous wastes, biomass gasification, sludge combustion and the use of wastes as fuel, present operators and regulators with new challenges as to their safe and environmentally responsible operation. A second feature of recent change is an increased regulatory emphasis on public and ecosystem health and the need for assessments of risk to and from waste installations. Public confidence in waste management, secured in part through enforcement of the planning and permitting regimes and sound operational performance, is central to establishing the infrastructure of new waste technologies. Well-informed risk management plays a critical role. We discuss recent developments in risk analysis within the sector and the future needs of risk analysis that are required to respond to the new waste and resource management agenda.     

天然沸石的加工技术及其在水处理中的应用

论述了天然沸石的吸附、离子交换和催化性能,介绍了沸石的超细粉碎、选矿提纯、化学增白、改性或改型、人工合成和再生等加工技术．从去除有机污染物、去除氨氮、降低氟含量、去除重金属离子、作污水滤料、消除放射性物质等方面回顾了沸石在水处理中的应用．并对应用前景和未来发展进行了展望。