基于投影寻踪的资源环境综合绩效评估方法研究

资源环境综合绩效评估是建设节约型社会的一项基础工作.在传统的资源环境综合绩效指数中,各种资源消耗和污染物排放绩效的权重相等,导致综合评价结果的合理性受到影响.针对该问题,通过构建投影指标函数和采用遗传算法对投影方向进行优化,提出了基于投影寻踪的资源环境综合绩效评估方法,并应用于2007年中国各省、直辖市和自治区的资源环境绩效评估.研究结果表明,中国资源环境绩效水平空间差异明显,呈现东部高西部低的特征,因此必须合理调整西部地区的经济结构,提高资源利用效率和加强环境保护,实现可持续发展.该方法的权重取值较为客观和科学,评估结果合理,值得推广应用.     

中原经济区城市资源环境绩效指标体系构建与实证

为了识别城市或“相似群体”最重要的资源环境“短板”问题,以中原经济区31个城市为研究区域,选择水土资源、能源、环境质量和污染物排放及治理水平等4个方面共计33项指标,利用层次分析修正法确定指标权重,采用正向指标极大化、负向指标极小化、适中指标平均化的标准化方法对研究区域内各市资源环境绩效进行测算. 研究表明:①从资源环境绩效角度来看,中原经济区城市可分为“双高”超载型、农业型、“双低”超载型、资源型四大类. ②占中原经济区城市总数2/5的资源型城市,由于过度强调资源产出、忽视环境保护而成为经济区环境问题高发、资源环境矛盾较为突出的集中区域. ③在对4个Ⅰ级指标(资源利用效率、能源利用效率、环境质量指数、污染物排放及治理水平)设定均衡权重情况下,15个城市的能源利用效率居末位,10个城市的资源利用效率居末位,表明中原经济区提高资源环境绩效应率先在能源、资源利用效率领域实现突破. 所构建的资源环境绩效评估指标体系仍有待进一步优化,今后应加大对可再生资源能源利用、农村生态环境特别是农村土地重金属及有机物污染等问题的关注.      

Impact of various blends of Mimusops elengi methyl esters on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine

The basic objective of the research work was to study the effect of various blends of Mimusops elangi methyl ester (MEME) on engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder direct-injection compression ignition engine, running at constant speed. The raw oil was extracted from Mimusops elangi seeds through mechanical crusher. The neat MEME was obtained through transesterification process and mixed with diesel in versatile proportions of 10% of MEME (10% MEME–90% Diesel), 20% of MEME(20% MEME–80% Diesel), 30% of MEME(30% MEME–70% Diesel), 40% of MEME(40% MEME–60% Diesel), and 100% MEME on a volume basis. Their properties were validated based on ASTM standards. Experimental investigation revealed that the 20% blend resulted in 4.18%, 5.12% more prominent performance characteristics of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, and superior emission diminution of 5.26% of HC, 16.6% of CO, 6.2% of smoke when compared with base diesel fuel, despite marginal penalty of 5.26% of carbon dioxide and 4.8% of oxides of nitrogen emission at full load condition. Characteristics of combustion parameters like pressure inside the cylinder and rate of the heat released were superior for 20% blend of MEME at the peak load condition.     

Experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using Jatropha biodiesel with alumina nanoparticles

Biodiesels have come up as a very strong alternative for diesel fuel. Biodiesels such as Jatropha Oil Methyl Ester (JOME) are comparable in performance with that of the diesel engine. The thermal efficiency of engines fuelled with biodiesels was found lower than conventional diesel fuel but due to the bio-origin, the emission characteristics are much better. However, biodiesel increases the NOx emissions as these are rich in oxygen, hence nanoparticles are used in this experiment to curb the high temperatures and reduce the NOx formation. The experiment on naturally aspired diesel engine was conducted with four prepared test fuels other than neat diesel and neat biodiesel. The 50 and 150 of alumina nanoparticles were added separately to the pure diesel and pure Jatropha biodiesel to form the nano emulsions using ultrasonicator. The properties of nanoemulsion were evaluated using dynamic light scattering technique using zetasizer. The performance and emission characteristics of multi-cylinder diesel engine with these nanoemulsions were compared with that of neat fuels. The results showed that using nanoparticles with diesel and biodiesel can contribute in a more efficient, economical, and eco-friendly engine operation.     

HSE管理绩效考核在石油钻井企业的成功应用

本文浅析了HSE管理体系起源及其在我国的运行情况,提出了HSE管理绩效考核实施原则和实施办法,同时列举了HSE管理绩效考核在长城钻探工程有限公司井下作业公司的成功应用,并指出企业实施HSE管理绩效考核应注意的事项,可为企业有效控制员工行为安全、提高员工安全意识和技能、提升企业HSE管理水平提供参考.     

GE公司EHS绩效变化趋势与内部机制探讨

剖析通用电气Plan(政策/目标)-Do(运营体系)-Check&Act(检查改进)的EHS管理体系框架;通过综合指数法分析各环境、健康和安全绩效指标近年的变化趋势以及采取的管理措施;分析总结GE环境管理和环境质量绩效持续改进的机制与工具:(1)全球统一的EHS管理和运营体系;(2)自上而下的EHS培训与自下而上的沟通;(3)数字化的EHS管理工具;(4)严格的EHS审计保证机制;(5)强烈的企业公民责任意识和EHS文化,为国内企业建立和完善EHS管理和运营体系所借鉴。     

杭州市生态补偿机制的实践

建立生态补偿机制已成为社会共识,各级政府就开展生态补偿进行了多种形式的探索与实践,流域下游地区对上游地区予以适当经济补偿作为解决区域之间社会经济失衡、保护流域水资源生态安全问题的重要手段和迫切需要。本文综述了杭州市生态补偿机制,主要分析了生态补偿专项资金的实践效果及现存问题,并提出进一步完善的对策措施,旨在对中国生态补偿机制的建立和完善提供借鉴。     

高效液相色谱法测定茶叶和土壤中的氟

建立了测定氟的高效液相色谱法,并通过加入三乙胺使Ｆ－Ｌａ＾３＋－苯素氨羧络合剂体系更稳定。Ｃ１８柱,甲醇－水（１８：８２）作流动相,流速为１ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ,检测波长为５６６ｎｍ,本法线性范围为０．０１０－１．０μｇ／ｍｌ,相关系数为０．９９１,检出限为１ｎｇ／ｍｌ,用于茶叶和土壤样品测定时,相对标准偏差为４．６％－７．３％,加标回收率为９１％￣１０４％。     

反硝化型甲烷厌氧氧化(DAMO)系统pH值耦合模型研究

对3个具有不同优势菌种反应器中厌氧氧化(DAMO)过程与pH值进行动力学耦合,结果表明,在25℃,Anammox-DAMO混培系统最大脱氮速率、硝酸盐初始抑制浓度和铵盐初始抑制浓度分别为3.95mg/(L·d),182.63,196.40mg/L;Nitrate-DAMO系统最大脱氮速率、硝酸盐初始抑制浓度分别为4.3...     

冲击载荷作用下某型气囊缓冲性能影响研究

目的 研究冲击载荷作用下排气孔面积及初始缓冲时刻对某型气囊缓冲性能的影响.方法 采用MIMICS软件,并结合LS-Prepost软件,建立髋骨-气囊-地面有限元模型,利用LS-DYNA软件对气囊的缓冲过程进行仿真计算,得到缓冲过程中该模型的动力学响应结果.通过分析髋骨模型受力及气囊状态的变化,探讨排气孔面积及初始接触时...