模拟酸雨对华南典型树种生长及营养元素含量的影响

我国是世界上的第3大酸雨区,而华南地区是我国酸雨比较严重的地区之一。越来越严重的酸雨将对森林生态系统林木生长产生负面影响。本文采用盆栽试验模拟研究酸雨对华南典型树种尾叶桉和马尾松幼树生长及营养元素含量的影响。酸雨水平有4个:pH6.8(CK)、pH5、pH4和pH3。幼树生长期间观察并记录其酸雨受害症状,每隔10a测量一次树高,4个月后统计生物量、叶面积情况,并分析植株样品中的N、P、K、Ca、Mg等元素的质量分数。试验结果表明,在不同酸度酸雨的协迫下,尾叶桉和马尾松幼苗表现出不同程度的受害症状,酸度越高受害越严重。酸雨显著地抑制尾叶桉和马尾松的树高生长,降低幼苗生物量,减少叶面积生长。与对照相比,生长四个月后,pH5、pH4和pH3处理分别导致尾叶桉生物量降低10.79%、19.21%和27.25%,马尾松降低12.78%、22.98%和28.70%。尾叶桉植株内P、Mg、Ca质量分数不同程度地受到酸雨的影响,而N、K质量分数不受酸雨影响;马尾松除了P元素以外,其它元素质量分数在各个酸雨处理之间差异不显著。     

低压离子色谱法测定水和酸雨样品中的Li~+,Na~+,NH_4~+,K~+,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)离子

本文介绍了低压离子色谱仪测定水样(井水、湖水、矿泉水、自来水)和酸雨中锂、钠、铵、钙、钾和镁离子的方法、欲测阳离子在阳离子交换柱上被分离,分别用1.4mmol·1~(-1)HNO_3和0.6mmol·1~(-1)乙二胺+1.2mmol·1~(-1)HNO_3溶液作流动相,流速为1.6ml·min~(-1).各离子的流分用电导检测.进样量为10μl时,Li~+,Na~+,NH_4~+,K~+,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)离子的检出限(2倍噪音比),分别为0.020,0.050,0.100,0.250,2.5和1.0μg·ml~(-1).     

土壤中氧化铁的有机还原溶解动力学

研究了土壤中的氧化铁被两种酚化合物还原而溶解的动力学，结果表明，在ｐＨ恒定和有机还原剂过量的情况下，氧化铁的还原溶解符合一级反应动力学方程，还原溶解速率大小与土壤中氧化铁的结晶形态有关．氧化锰的存在影响着氧化铁的还原溶解，在存在足够的还原剂的条件下，两者可同时还原．实验中求得黄壤和赤红壤中氧化铁的还原溶解反应对［Ｈ＋］的反应级数分别为０．１２６和０．１７４。土壤中氧化铁的还原溶解是一个受表面反应控制的过程，反应的速率控制步骤是表面的电子转移反应，磷酸根在土壤中的吸附占据了氧化铁表面的反应位，因而明显抑制还原溶解反应．     

模拟酸雨致酸土壤对小麦幼苗生长发育的影响

用模拟酸雨淋洗土壤,造成土壤酸化和盐基流失,然后播种小麦(Triticumaestivum)。幼苗长至5片叶子时的测定表明:幼苗的生物量、叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率均降低,次生根减少,根系活动下降。酸化土壤对根系生物量和某些生理活动的影响大于对地上部的影响。     

酸雨对土壤营养元素迁移转化的影响

针对近年来北方一些城市大气污染严重并导致部分月份出现酸雨,及酸雨对主要营养元素产生影响的实际情况,通过模拟pH=5.6的酸雨的淋溶实验,对土壤营养元素迁移转化规律作了较深入的研究。结果表明,土壤中硝态氮质量分数随土壤深度的增加而呈下降的趋势;土壤中速效磷、速效钾对酸雨不敏感;拟合出在土壤表层(<5 cm)、10 cm、20 cm、30 cm的不同深度,硝态氮随时间变化的迁移规律方程。     

Nutritional phagostimulants function as male courtship pheromone in the German cockroach, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Blattella germanica</Emphasis>

Summary. Males of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, secrete a pheromonal substance from the abdominal tergal glands, which elicits a feeding response in females during the sequential courtship behavior. The nuptial secretion consists predominantly of a synergistic mixture of sugars and phospholipids. Cholesterol and a series of amino acids, which are also components of the males glandular secretion, significantly enhanced the phagostimulant activity of the sugar components. The nuptial feeding behavior of the female cockroach is therefore elicited by a complex assortment of nutritive components in the male tergal secretion, including sugars, phospholipids, cholesterol, and amino acids. These results indicate that a mixture of primary metabolites, and not of specific secondary metabolites, serves as a pheromonal cue that appeals to the females gustatory sense and effectively brings her to the precopulatory position. Although the male secretion consists of nutrients, we suggest that these compounds probably do not represent a significant nutrient investment in females and their progeny but rather function as a signal in the mating sequence of B. germanica.     

超高浓度萘系磺酸染料中间体废液资源化

本文介绍了胺盐萃取回收率液中萘磺酸染料中间体的方法，回收率达９５％以上，回收浓缩液工艺套用，１０ｔ／ｄ废液量的资源化年净效益达５８０万元，投资费用两个月即可全部收回，采用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温方程描述体系中萃取剂用量，待萃物含量和萃取率的关系，使工艺参数的确立和工程设计完全处理指导之下。     

荔枝花雄蕊和雌蕊发育过程中碳氮化合物的动态变化

比较分析了荔枝花性决定中碳氮化合物的动态变化。结果发现：C/N较大有利于雄蕊分化,反之则有利于雌蕊分化;氨基酸含量较高有利于雌蕊分化,雄蕊的氨基酸含量仅为雌蕊的一半。脯氨酸与花粉育性存在着密切相关关系。另外,探讨了雌蕊或雄蕊败育的生理意义,在长期的进化中,败育的雌蕊或雄蕊“废物”重新被利用,为同一花中迅速发育的雌蕊或雄蕊提供能量和物质的需求,表5参13。     

复合垂直流构建湿地净化酞酸酯的初步研究

为考察湿地对特殊污染物酞酸酯的净化作用，在温室中建造了专门用于酞酸酯研究的2套下行流-上行流湿地小试系统，1号系统邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基已基）酯（DEHP）污染负荷分别为19.86mgL^-1和3.16mgL^-1,2号系统DBP和DEHP污染负荷分别为9.84mgL^-1和1.58mgL^-1，试验时间为45d。水力负荷为420Ld^-1。结果表明：构建湿地对人工配置污水中的酞酸酯有很好的净化效果。平均去除率达到99.95%以上，出水酞酸酯质量浓度为10^-9级，均低于国家排放标准（GB8978-1996）.     

The Impact of the Hyperacid Ijen Crater Lake. Part I: Concentrations of Elements in Crops and Soil

In Asembagus (East Java, Indonesia) irrigation water is contaminated with effluent from the hyperacid Ijen Crater Lake resulting in a low pH and high levels of various elements. As a first step towards a risk assessment, locally produced food items (rice, maize, cassava leaf, cassava root, peanuts) were collected and concentrations of As, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn were compared to samples from a reference area and with literature values. Further, concentrations in rice were compared to total soil concentrations in paddy fields. Compared to the reference area, food items produced in the contaminated area had increased levels of Cd, Co, Ni and Mn in particular, while levels of Mo were lower. In contrast, total soil concentrations of Cd and Mn in particular have decreased whereas especially Mo was increased. In combination with the observed soil acidification, it is likely that the bioavailable concentration of most elements in the contaminated soil is higher (except for Mo) due to an increased weathering rate and/or input via the contaminated irrigation water. In terms of human health, concentrations in foods were generally within normal literature values. However, it was observed that essential elements (in particular Fe) known for their inhibitory effects on e.g. Cd and Mn toxicity did not accumulate in crops whereas Cd and Mn did.