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421.
市政污泥厌氧发酵产挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)强化城市污水脱氮除磷是污泥处理、处置的有效方式之一,实现了污水处理行业\"以废治废\"的目的。水解环节是污泥发酵产酸的限制性步骤,对污泥进行预处理提高污泥水解效率是解决污泥发酵产酸产率和产量低的有效途径之一。目前报道的污泥预处理方法众多,改善发酵过程的机理和效果不尽相同。总结和对比分析了目前常见的促进污泥发酵产VFAs的预处理工艺,阐述了各预处理工艺的原理、特性和应用效果,对比分析了其经济成本,综合分析了当前存在的问题,并对未来发展方向进行了展望,以期为污泥发酵产酸工程方案设计和优选提供文献借鉴。 相似文献
422.
The current modified electro-Fenton system was designed to develop a more convenient and e cient undivided system for practicalwastewater treatment. The system adopted a cathode portion that employed magnetic stirring instead of common oxygen gas di usionor gas sparging to supply oxygen gas for the electrolyte solution. Key factors influencing the cathode fabrication and activitywere investigated. The degradation of acid fuchsine with a self-made graphite-polytetrafluorethylene cathode was studied using aspectrophotometer. It was found that the cathode generated hydrogen peroxide with high current e ciency and the hydrogen peroxideyield of the cathode did not decay after 10 times reuse. With the Pt anode at a ferrous ion concentration of 0.5 mmol/L, a pH of 3, andusing magnetic stirring, dye decolorization could be rapidly accomplished but the destruction of benzene rings and intermediates wasfairly di cult. With a Fe anode, dye degradation was more complete. 相似文献
423.
利用生物指示物(鳙鱼)对丹东地区鸭绿江水体中的铅、镉污染进行监测,采具鳙鱼-碳化酸溶-电热原子光谱法对丹东鸭绿江流域鳙鱼体内的铅、镉的含量进行了相关检测,在相同的实验条件下对该地区的水体中的铅、镉的含量进行对比,并对该地区的铅、镉污染进行了相关的评价,通过一年的监测未见超标。铅、镉含量分别为6.53±0.07(ng/g)、4.60±0.03(ng/g);回收率分别为98.9%、103.5%;RSD分别为5.3%、4.1%。 相似文献
424.
Deng Lin Shengrui Tong Wenqian Zhang Weiran Li Fangjie Li Chenhui Ji Gen Zhang Meifang Chen Xinran Zhang Zhen Wang Maofa Ge Xiang He 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(4):343-353
As an important precursor of hydroxyl radical (OH), nitrous acid (HONO) plays a significant role in atmospheric chemistry. Here, an observation of HONO and relevant air pollutants in an urban site of Beijing from 14 to 28 April, 2017 was performed. Two distinct peaks of HONO concentrations occurred during the observation. In contrast, the concentration of particulate matter in the first period (period Ⅰ) was significantly higher than that in the second period (period Ⅱ). Comparing to HONO sources in the two periods, we found that the direct vehicle emission was an essential source of the ambient HONO during both periods at night, especially in period Ⅱ. The heterogeneous reaction of NO2 was the dominant source in period Ⅰ, while the homogeneous reaction of NO with OH was more critical source at night in period Ⅱ. In the daytime, the heterogeneous reaction of NO2 was a significant source and was confirmed by the good correlation coefficients (R2) between the unknown sources (Punknown) with NO2, PM2.5, NO2 × PM2.5 in period Ⅰ. Moreover, when solar radiation and OH radicals were considered to explore unknown sources in the daytime, the enhanced correlation of Punknown with photolysis rate of NO2 and OH ( × OH) were 0.93 in period Ⅰ, 0.95 in period Ⅱ. These excellent correlation coefficients suggested that the unknown sources released HONO highly related to the solar radiation and the variation of OH radicals. 相似文献
425.
High abundance of algae and eutrophication were observed in mangrove wetlands and these were estimated to be associated with root exudates of some specific mangrove plants to a certain extent.Root exudates form allelopathic effects from mangroves.The main secondary metabolites of Aegiceras corniculatum had been detected to be organic phenolic acids.Gallic acid had been isolated and identified from A.corniculatum.The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of gallic acid on alge Cyclotella caspia was tested as 15.46mg/L.The effects on algal cell morphology were mainly shown as elongated cells,with no apparent cell inclusions,such as oil droplets,chloroplast.At a dose of 2mg/L,gallic acid had a stimulative effect on the specific growth rate of algae on day 3.The contents of malondialdehyde,superoxide dismutase,soluble carbohydrates and chlorophyll a in algal cells showed an overall \"low promotion and high suppression\".Our results could provide preliminary and valuable reference on the complex influences of mangroves on microecology and microbial communities in the rhizosphere system. 相似文献
426.
腐殖酸及酸雨对贫铀在土壤中迁移的影响研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用经过完善的贫铀迁移模型,研究腐殖酸(HA)及酸雨对贫铀在土壤中迁移的影响.结果表明,对照组(北京地区土壤)DU迁移到达9~11cm,分别添加2%、5%、10%HA的实验组DU迁移依次降低,分别为21~23cm、15~17cm、11~13cm,说明腐殖酸促进了DU迁移; pH值为4.0和3.0的模拟酸雨,分别使贫铀迁移至29~31cm及35cm以上,说明酸雨促进了贫铀迁移;在酸雨和腐殖酸综合作用下贫铀迁移仅到5~7cm,说明腐殖酸和酸雨综合作用抑制了贫铀迁移. 相似文献
427.
为深入分析铜绿微囊藻水华暴发对水体有机质、氨基酸含量及组成的影响,进一步揭示蓝藻水华暴发对湖泊内源氨基酸和有机质的贡献及养分循环机制,采集太湖北部富营养化区域梅梁湾中的水样,用于在室内培养太湖蓝藻水华优势种——铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa),采用邻苯二甲醛(OPA)柱前衍生-反相高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析铜绿微囊藻生长、衰亡过程中氨基酸的摩尔浓度及其组成特征的变化,探讨藻类产生的氨基酸和有机质对湖泊水体中有机质、TC(总碳)及DTN(溶解性总氮)的贡献. 结果表明:铜绿微囊藻在生长过程中产生的氨基酸对水体中TC、DTN、TOC(总有机碳)的贡献率分别为23%~37%、46%~93%和46%~83%;在衰亡期,水体中难降解氨基酸(如甘氨酸、丝氨酸、丙氨酸和赖氨酸)的摩尔浓度(c)为60.4 μmol/L,显著高于同时期易降解氨基酸(如酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸)的摩尔浓度(40.9 μmol/L);c(D-氨基酸)/c(L-氨基酸)由初始的0.28降至0.09,表明在铜绿微囊藻对数生长至衰亡期间,水体中有机质的降解程度逐渐降低. 研究显示,在水体有机质降解程度降低的同时,氨基酸摩尔浓度逐步增加,因此大量未降解的氨基酸沉积下来成为水体有机质来源之一. 相似文献
428.
Ren Shufen Zhang Xuelin Li Wencheng Wang Wensheng Wang Jin Wang Wenjun Zhang Yuxia 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1991,3(4):95-101
The humic acid contents in drinking water and soil in Kaschin-Beck disease areas were found more than that of non-disease areas in this research. Changes of free radical concentration in drinking water were agreed with that of humic acid contents in drinking water of Kaschin-Beck disease areas. A positive correlation of free radical concentration and humic acid content in drinking water has been shown (r=0.913) . The structure of I. R. spectra of humic acid under ultraviolet light has been changed. Thus it indicated that free radical was resulted from benzoqiunonyl groups of humic acid in environment. 相似文献
429.
电化学预处理剩余污泥(waste activated sludge, WAS)厌氧发酵(anaerobic fermentation, AF)产挥发性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acids, VFAs)具有良好的应用价值和环境效益,然而不同电解质对电化学预处理剩余污泥以及厌氧发酵的效果具有较大影响。因此,实验考查了不同电解质(空白对照,NaCl,Na2SO4和CaCl2)在电流强度为1 A、预处理时间为60 min的电化学处理条件下,对剩余污泥厌氧发酵产VFAs的影响。结果表明:当0.05 mol/L NaCl作为电解质时,在电化学预处理阶段污泥有机质(溶解性COD、多糖、蛋白质等)溶出效果较其他电解质更好。在厌氧发酵阶段,该条件下VFAs最大累积量可达到2625.8 mg COD/L,相比空白对照组提升了51.6%,表明NaCl作为电解质的电化学预处理不仅能够有效促进剩余污泥中有机质溶出,而且有利于产酸微生物(如Firmicutes和Bacteroidetes)的富集,从而促进厌氧发酵产VFAs,达到提高污泥资源化利用率的目的。 相似文献
430.
Using reclaimed wastewater for crop irrigation is a practical alternative to discharge wastewater treatment plant effluents into surface waters.However,biofouling has been identified as a major contributor to emitter clogging in drip irrigation systems distributing reclaimed wastewater.Little is known about the biofilm structure and its influence on clogging in the drip emitter flow path.This study was first to investigate the microbial characteristics of mature biofilms present in the emitters and the effect of flow path structures on the biofilm microbial communities.The analysis of biofilm matrix structure using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that particles in the matrix of the biofilm coupled extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and formed sediment in the emitter flow path.Analysis of biofilm mass including protein,polysaccharide and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) showed that emitter flow path style influenced biofilm community structure and diversity.The correlations of biofilm biomass and discharge reduction after 360 h irrigation were computed and suggest that PFLAs provide the best correlation coefficient.Comparatively,the emitter with the unsymmetrical dentate structure and shorter flow path (Emitter C) had the best anti-clogging capability.By optimizing the dentate structure,the internal flow pattern within the flow path could be enhanced as an important method to control the biofilm within emitter flow path.This study established electron microscope techniques and biochemical microbial analysis methods that may provide a framework for future emitter biofilm studies. 相似文献