Oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by potassium permanganate

The oxidation of As(Ⅲ) with potassium permanganate was studied under conditions including pH, initial As(Ⅲ) concentration and dosage of Mn(Ⅶ). The results have shown that potassium permanganate was an effective agent for oxidizing of As(Ⅲ) in a wide pH range. The pH value of tested water was not a significant factor affecting the oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by Mn(Ⅶ). Although theoretical redox analyses suggest that Mn(Ⅶ) should have better performance in oxidization of As(Ⅲ) within lower pH ranges, the experimental results show that the oxidation efficiencies of As(Ⅲ) under basic and acidic conditions were similar, which may be due to the adsorption of As(Ⅲ) on the Mn(OH)2 and MnO2 resulting from the oxidation of As(Ⅲ).     

在线固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法测定污水厂尾水中6种酸性药物

建立了大体积在线固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱(Online-SPE-LC-MS)检测污水厂尾水中6种酸性药物的方法.10 mL水样采用0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤后经自动进样器直接在线上样,经Atlantis T3柱(100 mm×4.6 mm×3μm)富集,Atlantis T3柱(100 mm×2.1 mm×2.6μm)...     

中国华北地区冬季大气污染物航空测量(Ⅱ)——空中大气气溶胶污染特征研究

大气气溶胶在酸性降水中的作用非常重要。在“八五”期间酸性降水的研究中，进行了华北地区冬季空中大气气溶胶污染特征的分析和研究，填补了国内外相关研究领域的空白。结果表明，华北地区冬季空中大气气溶胶污染比较严重，形成了浓度与地面相近的空中污染区域，大气气溶胶主要来源于煤炭燃烧等人为过程。同时大气气溶胶具有较强的酸性，有利于酸性降水的形成     

用曝气-中和法处理煤矿井下酸性废水

采用曝 气 中 和法处理 江西天河 煤矿井 下酸 性废 水。该 法具 有工 艺简 单、操作 方便 、处 理成本低、污染物去 除率高等 特点     

Glial fibrillary acidic protein in amniotic fluids from pregnancies with fetal neural tube defects

The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the subunit protein of intermediate filaments in astrocytes and closely related cell types. By means of an enzyme immunoassay we have determined the concentration of GFAP in amniotic fluids from normal pregnancies and from pregnancies complicated by various fetal malformations. The group of 20 cases of fetal anencephaly had a significantly higher mean amniotic fluid GFAP concentration (115 μg/1±133.6 (S.D.), range 6–378 μg/1) than the control group of 117 normal pregnancies (13 μg/1k±5.5 (S.D.), range 0–31 μg/1), (P<0.001). Two cases of fetal encephalocele likewise had very high amniotic fluid GFAP concentrations. None of the other cases of fetal malformations investigated, including 12 cases of spina bifida, had increased amniotic fluid GFAP concentrations. We conclude that determination of the amniotic fluid GFAP concentration may give additional information in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal nervous system malformations.     

Wet deposition chemistry studies at Suva, Fiji, a remote tropical island site in the south Pacific

A field project encompassing wet-only rainwater sampling was initiated as a bilateral Fiji/Australia activity. Normally, biweekly samples were collected, using a wet-only rainwater sampler, and analysed for H⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄ ⁺, Cl^–, NO₃ ^–, SO₄ ^2–, PO₄ ^3-, methane sulphonic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid and acetic acid. The pH of the rainwater ranged between 5.730 and 4.480 with an average value of 5.176, slightly lower than the pH of unpolluted rainwater saturated with atmospheric CO₂(pH = 5.650). Na⁺and Cl^–were the major ions with average concentrations of 98.15 M and 109.57 M respectively. There is an excellent correlation between the cation sum (average 147.71 eq L^-1) and the anion sum (average 142.12 eq L^-1) attesting to the quality of the data generated. This paper presents the detailed results of the study for a relatively clean remote island site in Suva, Fiji, latitude 18° 09 S, longitude 178° 27 E, height 6 m, and outlines prospects for further work.     

金属矿山环境污染及整治对策

金属矿床开采 ,一方面是开发利用自然资源 ,另一方面由于对土水生态环境释放重金属和酸性废水而破坏自然环境。金属矿山环境污染源于金属硫化物特别是黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿的氧化分解。金属硫化物的氧化释放出重金属离子和SO4 2 -,黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿的氧化还释放出Fe2 +、Fe3+和H+,铁 (Fe2 +、Fe3+)的存在和pH值的降低大大加速金属硫化物的分解和重金属元素的沉淀。铁氧化细菌的活动可以提高或催化氧化反应的速度 ,加速重金属的水解和沉淀。铁作为普遍存在的元素 ,其地球化学行为影响着金属硫化物氧化的程度和速度 ;铁作为主要的次生沉淀矿物 ,其承载矿物主导其它重金属元素的沉淀。本文介绍了碱性物质中和、湿地处理系统、覆盖隔离技术等一系列已成功地运用于金属矿山环境污染整治的实用方法 ,并对一些前沿整治技术作了简要介绍     

Precipitation and aerosol studies in India

In India, rain water and atmospheric aerosols are observed to bealkaline in nature due to the influence of soil-derivedparticles which are rich in components like Ca and Mg. Thesecomponents increase the neutralization potential of rain waterand have a greater influence at rural site compared to urbansite. However, if there are continuous rains, the concentrationof crustal components becomes lower resulting in lower pH ofrain water. Unlike the characteristics of rain water oncontinent, the pH of rain water has been observed to be acidicin all the events over the Indian Ocean during Pre-campaigns ofIndian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX). The possible reason for acidicrains over Indian Ocean could be the anthropogenic contributionfrom continent transported by NE winds coming towards the oceanduring this period.     

蚯蚓处理对城镇造粒污泥酸碱缓冲容量的影响

将含水率80%的城镇污泥制成粒径5 mm的颗粒污泥,以添加蚯蚓(Eisenia foetida)为处理组,无蚯蚓为对照组,研究了蚯蚓处理对城镇污泥酸缓冲容量(ABC)、碱缓冲容量(ALBC)、p H及p H缓冲容量(p HBC)的影响.结果表明,处理组p H变化幅度(0.37)低于对照组(0.60);随着处理时间的增加,处理组ABC、ALBC和p HBC显著高于对照组(p0.05);实验结束时,处理组ABC、ALBC和p HBC分别高于对照组5.24%、22.37%和13.01%,电导(EC)高于对照组32.24%,有机质低于对照组1.93%.相关分析表明,蚯蚓处理组和对照组中ALBC与NH+4-N、NO-3-N的相关系数大于0.84(p0.01);蚯蚓处理显著提高了ABC与NO-3、p HBC与NH+4-N、p HBC与NO-3-N之间的正相关水平.蚯蚓强化了系统中有机氮矿化,通过提高氨化及硝化强度影响基质缓冲容量,减小p H变化幅度,提高污泥酸碱环境的稳定性,为微生物作用的高效发挥提供了有利条件.     

河底沉积物培养耐酸产甲烷颗粒污泥的试验研究

利用河底沉积物作为接种污泥,在一个3.1L的EGSB反应器中进行培养耐酸产甲烷颗粒污泥的试验研究.结果表明,EGSB反应器在pH6.0,出水碱度低于400mg CaCO3/L,容积负荷5.3kg COD/(m³d)的条件下培养出具有良好沉降性能和产甲烷活性的耐酸颗粒污泥.形成耐酸颗粒污泥后,EGSB反应器在pH5.8～6.0,进水COD 3000mg/L,容积负荷5.2kg COD/(m³d)的条件下稳定运行29d, COD去除率平均为89.2%,出水总碱度仅为264.4mg CaCO₃/L,沼气中甲烷的含量约为56.9%.扫描电镜观察发现颗粒污泥内部存在成簇生长的索氏甲烷丝菌