全球环境变化与全球不平等南北方的不同立场

全球环境变化给发展中国家和南北关系带来深刻影响，理解环境问题的全球不平等需要以发展中国家80年代开始的经济结构调整和沉重债务为背景。南方的环境政策优先在很大程度上与其生活的可持续性相连，而不是通常与全球环境变化的长期性风险相关，然而，全球环境变化又与发展中国家贫困人口的日常生活紧密相关。从南方的立场看，当“问题”对他们不十分迫切时，就很难同意采取措施，仅此原因，北方对全球环境变化的关切要得到成功回应，真正的全球契约就需要解决基本“发展”问题，主要是贫困。     

物化—生化组合工艺在鱼油工业废水处理中的应用

针对鱼油工业废水排放特点及处理技术难点，结合实例，采用混凝、破乳进行物化预处理；采用A／O生化处理技术，提出合适的工艺流程。     

二沉池漂泥原因及控制措施

二级污水处理厂二沉池漂泥有反硝化漂泥、活性污泥老化漂泥、生物泡沫导致的漂泥。最终的解决办法是：分析漂泥原因、对症下药、改善工艺运行状况、采取有效的控制措施.     

生物作用强化城市污水一级处理工艺研究

提出生物作用强化城市污水一级处理工艺 ,探讨利用生物絮凝吸附作用独立承担城市污水处理任务的可行性、影响因素及运行参数。试验证明 ,处理城市污水 ,当HRT为 1 1h ,DO为 1 0mg L ,CODCr污泥负荷为 3 4～ 4 0kg kg·d时 ,CODCr、BOD5和SS去除率分别为 6 8%～ 78%、6 5 %～ 72 %和 75 %～ 85 %。     

环境中二噁(口英)及其检测技术进展

从二(?)(?)类化合物的结构、来源、毒性等简要说明对其监测的必要性,且从仪器监测(包括气相色谱、气质联用、串联质谱等)和生物监测(包括利用指示生物、生物标志物等)概述了80年代以来国内外对二(?)(?)类物质尤其是几种极毒性化合物如多氯代二苯二(?)(?)(PCDDs)和多氯代二苯呋喃(PCDFs)等化合物的检测技术成果。     

加压活性炭生物膜法处理DSD有机废水

采用加压活性炭生物膜法处理以对硝基甲苯磺酸盐为主的难降解的有机废水的研究,是在活性炭生物膜法处理有机废水基础上发展起来的新技术。本实验结果表明,在加压9.8×10~4Pa(1kgt/cm~2)的条件下,COD_(Cr)去除率为62％～70％,比常压活性炭生物膜法高20％～25％;其容积负荷Nv=1.7～2.9kgCOD/m~3·d,比一般活性污泥法高3～6倍。     

循环悬浮式半干法烟气脱硫技术在煤粉锅炉中的应用

半千法烟气脱硫技术目前在国内正在快速推广应用中，但成功的实例还较少，还存在系统不可靠，技术指标达不到，故障率高等问题。介绍了循环悬浮式半千法烟气脱硫技术及首次在煤粉锅炉中应用的烟气净化新工艺：静电预除尘＋循环悬浮式半干法烟气脱硫＋布袋除尘，论述了净化原理及在我厂的实际应用情况。     

Carbon isotope ratios in logged and unlogged boreal forests: Examination of the potential for determining wildlife habitat use

Due to assimilation of recycled CO₂ from litter decomposition and photosynthetic changes in carbon fractionation at low light levels, the foliage at the base of a forest is often more depleted in¹³C compared to that exposed to the atmosphere in either the canopy or in open clearings. This is referred to as the canopy effect. African research has indicated that these habitat differences in foliar ¹³C can be substantial enough to affect the carbon isotope ratios of resident fauna. Previous work documenting a 30-year chronology on moose teeth from Isle Royale National Park indicated a progressive depletion in¹³C and suggested that this could be due to forest regrowth following extensive burning. The present study examined the assumption implicit in this hypothesis that foliar ¹³C varies between open and closed boreal forest sites. I found a marginal canopy effect of 2 ¹³C difference between upper canopy and ground flora for a forest in northwestern Ontario and an average difference of 1.2 in under- and mid-story vegetation between closed forests and open clear-cuts. Because of these small differences, the utility of carbon isotope analysis in quantifying temporally integrated exploitation of deforested habitats will be low for northern boreal locations. In denser forests, such as those in the tropics or western North American where the canopy effect can be expected to be much greater, ¹³C analysis may still offer some promise for determining selection by wildlife of disturbed habitats.     

Enzymatic degradation of poly([R,S] β-hydroxybutyrate)

The synthetic analogue of a bacterially produced polyester, poly(-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was synthesized from racemic -butyrolactone using anin situ trimethyl aluminum-water catalyst. The polymer was fractionated into samples differing in molecular weight and isotactic diad content. The latter was closely related to degree of crystallinity. The biodegradation of these fractions were examined by monitoring mass loss over time in the presence of anAlcaligenes faecalis T1 extracellular bacterial poly(-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase. The fraction with high isotactic diad tacticity content showed little or no degradation over a 50 hour incubation period, whereas the fraction of intermediate isotactic diad content degraded in a continuous steady fashion at a rate that was less than that for bacterial PHB. The low isotactic diad fraction underwent a rapid initial degradation, followed by no further mass loss. The presence of stereoblocks in the polymer structure of the various fractions was an influence on the degree of susceptibility towards degradation and is related to sample crystallinity.     

Possible Utilization of Silica Gel Sludge for the Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions: Laboratory Studies

This paper discusses the adsorption capacity of silica gel sludge for phenol removal from aqueous solution. Kinetic experiments showed that phenol adsorption was completed after 2 h. Adsorption isotherms were measured for phenol from aqueous solution onto silica gel sludge under various pHs and temperatures. Results showed that the adsorption capacities for phenol was increased as pH decreased from 6.5 to 2. Temperature also was found to affect the adsorption isotherm. As temperature increases from 30 to 50°C, the adsorption capacity increases. The adsorption equilibrium of phenol on silica gel sludge was described by the linear Freundlich and Langmuir models. Furthermore, results showed that the isotherm parameters fit both linearized Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The Freundlich and Langmuir parameters at optimum pH was found as K _f=2.89, 1/n=0.23 and K _d=22.0, q _m=7.98, respectively. Whereas, for those at optimum temperature it was observed as K _f=2.87, 1/n=0.16 and K _d=20.93, q _m=7.91, respectively.