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571.
沙尘不同的垂直分布对大气的加热作用不同,通过卫星观测结合数值模拟,可以更清楚地了解沙尘辐射加热作用,有利于理解沙尘对该地区大气热结构的影响机制.因此,本研究利用CALIPSO气溶胶产品和SBDART模式,分析了2007—2020年塔克拉玛干沙漠和青藏高原沙尘气溶胶及其短波加热率的时空分布特征.结果表明,塔克拉玛干沙漠和青藏高原的年平均沙尘气溶胶光学厚度(DAOD,532 nm)分别为0.300~0.350和0.086~0.108,平均值分别为0.328和0.097.塔克拉玛干沙漠季节平均DAOD的最大、最小值分别出现在春季和冬季,而青藏高原的最大、最小值分别出现在夏季和秋季.塔克拉玛干沙漠和青藏高原的沙尘消光系数(σD)最大值分别出现在春季和夏季.2007—2020年,两地的σD在春季均呈增加趋势,而在秋季则呈减小趋势.春季和夏季的短波沙尘加热率(SW DHR)均大于其它两个季节,其中春季最大,塔克拉玛干沙漠上空冬季最弱,青藏高原上空秋季最弱.春夏季,青藏高原北坡存在较强沙尘加热层,其顶部高于5 km,其强度及高值区从春季到冬季逐渐减小.从年变化来看,春季短波加热率呈加强趋势,秋季呈减... 相似文献
572.
Yvan Capowiez Nils Dittbrenner Magali Rault Mickaël Hedde 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(2):388-393
There is currently a lack of ecotoxicity tests adapted to earthworm species of higher ecological relevance and whose endpoints could be directly related to their ecological role in the soil. We propose a new and relatively simple ecotoxicity test based on the estimation of cast production (CP) by Lumbricus terrestris under laboratory conditions. CP was found to be linearly correlated to earthworm biomass and to be greatly influenced by soil water content. Azinphos-methyl had no effect on CP at all the concentrations tested. Significant decreases were observed at the normal application rate for other pesticides with (imidacloprid, carbaryl, methomyl) or without (ethyl-parathion and chlorpyrifos-ethyl) a clear concentration-effect response. For the highest concentration tested, reduction in CP varied between 35 and 67%. CP is straightforward and rapidly measured and ecologically meaningful. We thus believe it to be of great use as an endpoint in ecotoxicity testing. 相似文献
573.
S. Keerthinarayana M. Bandyopadhyay 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):673-700
Abstract The wood charcoal treated by 1N HNO3 (WCT) was used to remove toxic chlorinated pesticide lindane (y‐HCH) residue from water by the sorption process. Using a simple first order reversible kinetics constants and half time equations, the film and pore diffusion coefficients were determined. Film diffusion was found to be rate limiting step in sorbing lindane by WCT. This was further authenticated by kinetics studies at different initial sorbate concentrations, different sorbent sizes, and different agitation speeds besides interruption test. A pore diffusion model was used to fit the data of kinetics in continuously mixed batch reactors (CMBR), and the tortuosity, external resistance, and surface diffusion effects on lindane sorption by WCT were noticed. The tortuosity values of 15 to 28 were obtained for WCT‐lindane system. 相似文献
574.
Sudha Rani Batchu Venkata R. Panditi Piero R. Gardinali 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):200-211
The photochemical fate of seven sulfonamides was investigated in matrices representative of natural water bodies under various light sources. Fundamental photolysis parameters such as molar absorption coefficient, quantum yield (QY) and first-order rate constants were determined. The photolysis decay rate was dependent on the protonation state of the molecule, pH of the water sample and dissolved organic matter. Natural organic matter was the most significant factor in the indirect photolysis of sulfonamides. Half-lives were in the range of minutes at 254 nm to days under natural sunlight. Under natural sunlight, all sulfonamides showed higher removal rates in natural waters implying that indirect photolysis is the predominant mechanism. 相似文献
575.
电解法处理含镍废水及纯镍的回收 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
雷英春 《城市环境与城市生态》2009,(3)
采用电解回收法处理Ni2+含量为2g/L的废水,在阴极回收纯镍。研究了电解电流、极距、NH4Cl浓度、pH值等因素对Ni2+去除率、槽压、阴极能耗的影响,得出最优工艺参数为:温度20℃,电解时间20min时、电解电流300mA,极距15mm,NH4Cl浓度5g/L,pH值8.0,该条件下Ni2+去除率为96.926%,槽压16.21V,阴极能耗22.418kW.h/kg,在阴极可得到沉积6.45μm厚的镍板。 相似文献
576.
Environmental site assessment criteria were originally developed by organizations that focused, almost exclusively, on surface,
subsurface, and pollution source contamination. Many of the hazards associated with indoor environments and building structures
were traditionally not considered when evaluating sources and entities of environmental pollution. Since a large number of
building materials are potentially hazardous, careful evaluation is necessary. Until recently, little information on building
inspection requirements of environmental problems has been published. Traditionally, asbestos has been the main component
of concern. The ever-changing environmental standards have dramatically expanded the scope of building surveys. Indoor environmental
concerns, for example, currently include formaldehyde, lead-based paint, polychlorinated biphenyls, radon, and indoor air
pollution. Environmental regulations are being expanded and developed that specifically include building structures. These
regulatory standards are being triggered by an increased awareness of health effects from indoor exposure, fires, spills,
and other accidents that have resulted in injury, death, and financial loss. This article discusses various aspects of assessments
for building structures. 相似文献
577.
Donald E. Agthe R. Bruce Billings Judith M. Dworkin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(3):627-630
ABSTRACT: Socioeconomic determinants of individual household water use were estimated using regressions of these characteristics with actual household water use for winter and summer. Results were disaggregated between those consumers who were aware of an increasing block rate price structure and those who were not. Most of the informed group members believed that this price structure did result in significant reductions in water use. Nevertheless, overall water use was greater for the informed group. The determinants of water use were found to differ between informed and uninformed users as well as between winter and summer. The uninformed users were influenced by a larger set of variables in each season than the informed group. In winter, the informed group members with swimming pools and/or arid landscaping used less water than their uninformed counterparts. Summer water use increased with length of tenancy in home for the uninformed group but not for informed, while increasing with ownership for informed consumers. 相似文献
578.
铁屑还原-鼓风氧化-石灰凝沉法脱除硫酸生产废水中的砷 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
比较了硫酸生产废水的几种除砷方法,认为铁屑还原-鼓风氧化-石灰凝沉工艺是可行的,此法具有处理量大、处理效果好、运行费用低等优点。 相似文献
579.
对油炉法炭黑生产过程烟气的来源,组成,发生量,特性作了介绍,着重研究了炭黑烟气余热的加收及利用。结果表明,采用余热锅炉串联多级空气预热器,是目前我国炭黑烟气余热回收及利用的最佳方法,采用这种方法,不仅可将高温炭黑烟气的余热量最大限度地回收及利用,同时可满足炭黑收集及烟气净化系统设备对炭黑烟气温度的要求,采用该法,炭黑烟气余热利用率可提高20%以上,经济效益十分可观。 相似文献
580.
Twenty-two metals for which secondary recovery is important, in terms of quantity and/or value, were compared and ranked for rate and efficiency of recycling, and availability of recycled metal. In general, their recycling rates trended upward over the period 1970–1993. Iron, aluminum, copper, gold, platinum, and lead accounted for most of the value of all secondary metal produced, while iron and steel dominated in terms of quantity produced and exported. The factors most influential on recycling rates are profitability, public support, organization of infrastructure, sortability, legislative support, and scrap purity. The share of supply accounted for by secondary metals is expected to surpass that of primary metals sometime in the next decade. 相似文献