PSAA水溶液中铝形态分布研究

PSAA是一种含有铝离子的聚硅酸絮凝剂。本文用²⁷Al－NMR法和Al－Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了PSAA水溶液中铝的形态分布情况,考察了SiO₂/Al³⁺摩尔比,温度及稀释作用对铝的形态分布的影响。结果表明,PSAA水溶液中的铝主要是以单核羟铝络合物形式存在,聚硅酸的存在对铝的形态分布影响不大,温度对铝的形态分布无影响,稀释作用对铝的形态分布有一定的影响。     

酸化容量模式及其理论计算方法探讨

综述酸化容量的定义、测定方法、指标标准化方法基础上,提出了适合我国国情的酸化容量理论计算体系。以水化学理论和西南地区小面积水体的平均水质状况为基础,得出甲基橙碱度的校正值为107μeq/L。以我国水文水质的常规监测项目总碱度、pH值、COD以及预测得到的A^13＋为基本数据,得出酸化容量的计算公式。为酸化容量区域划分提供了理论基础     

复合絮凝剂Al2(SO4)3+PAM处理生活污水中CODCr和浊度的实验研究

研究絮凝剂硫酸铝Al2(SO4)3与助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)联合处理生活污水的效果。研究表明:Al2(SO4)3与PAM联用比单独用Al2(SO4)3处理生活污水效果更好;Al2(SO4)3 PAM对生活污水CODCr和浊度具有良好的去除能力;当投加1:1的50mg/L的Al2(SO4)3 0.5mg/L的PAM,调节水体pH=7时,处理效果最理想,CODCr去除率可达95.8%,浊度去除率可达97.5%。为复合絮凝剂Al2(SO4)3 PAM处理生活污水的应用提供了有价值的参考依据。     

化工污染场地氟污染土壤的稳定化技术研究

通过以某电解铝厂内的氟污染土壤为研究对象,添加钙、镁、铝剂及碱性材料共8种不同材料作为稳定剂开展稳定化修复技术研究,分析不同稳定剂对土壤pH值和氟化物浸出毒性的影响,探讨稳定剂对氟化物的稳定效果.结果表明:钙剂、镁剂、铝剂均降低了土壤pH值和氟化物的浸出浓度,其中氯化铝的投加量为3％时稳定效果最佳,氟化物浸出浓度下降了...     

新型混凝剂在转炉煤气洗涤废水中的应用

采用新型混凝剂氯化铝钙,配加一定量PAM,处理转炉煤气洗涤废水.研究了药剂加入量、pH值及搅拌条件对絮凝反应过程的影响,得出了最佳实验参数.结果表明,由于氯化铝钙在混凝过程中可提供一定量的Ca2 ,有利于破坏胶体的稳定性,降低ζ电位,压缩双电层,能提高悬浮颗粒的凝聚能力及改善处理后污泥的脱水效果.     

A new regeneration approach to cation resins with aluminum salts: application of desalination by its mixed bed

A novel method for the regeneration of cation exchange resins by aluminum (Al) salts was investigated in order to improve the regeneration efficiency of resins and reduce the dosage of regenerant. The influences of Al³⁺ concentration and the pH of regeneration solution on resin transformation had been studied. The desalination experiments were carried out to evaluate the characteristics of the Al form resins. Experimental results showed that the regeneration rate of resins was strictly dependent on Al3+ concentration and the pH of the solution. Compared to the conventional regeneration method, the Al form mixed bed exhibited the same desalination capability as the H form mixed bed (MB), and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal was up to 90%, clearly higher than that of the H form. Al salt solution could be utilized repeatedly to regenerate Al form resins.     

阳离子絮凝剂HTCC与PAC复配对黄河兰州段水除浊性能研究

通过正交实验制备了阳离子絮凝剂壳聚糖季铵盐(HTCC),研究了壳聚糖季铵盐与聚合氯化铝(PAC)复配对黄河兰州段水的除浊效果,确定最佳复配比为m(HTCC)∶m(PAC)=1∶3。按该复配比,且在最佳投加量(1.25 mg/LHTCC+3.75 mg/L PAC)下,原浊为27.85～33.28 NTU的黄河水经处理后余浊<3 NTU。实验结果表明:pH对HTCC/PAC的除浊效果影响较大,当pH为7～9时,除浊效果均良好;而当pH为5～7时,投药范围内的最佳投药量提前,而除浊效率有所降低;沉降时间对HTCC/PAC的除浊效果无明显影响;HTCC/PAC以固-固方式复配的除浊效果比液-液方式复配的较差。     

中国铝工业的产业共生模式分类及其特征

随着产业经济的高速增长以及循环经济的发展,我国铝工业的产业共生模式渐趋多样化. 在概述了我国铝工业发展情况的基础上,首先梳理出4种典型的铝工业产业共生模式,即单核心依托型、双核心共栖型、同质集群型和全谱系型.归纳总结了3个铝工业产业共生模式特征:①全谱系铝工业产业共生体系具有明显的圈层性,主体产业具有明显的轴向性;②主产业链共生依赖度逐级递减,共生圈层越到外圈层关系越松散;③第3圈层属于铝工业辅材供应厂或废物处理资源再生企业,具有明显的技术依赖性和市场依赖性,属于铝工业拓展的新方向. 最后探讨了技术进步、经济和环境管制等因素对于我国铝工业产业共生模式的影响.      

Repeated-dose toxicity attributed to aluminum nanoparticles following 28-day oral administration,particularly on gene expression in mouse brain

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing industry that has elicited much concern due to the lack of available toxicity data. Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (AlNP) were listed as a high-priority group in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Steering Group for Test Guidelines. In this study, AlNP 35 ± 18.8 nm in size were administered daily at doses of 15, 30, or 60 mg k^?1 for 28 days. A significant decrease in white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes was observed in the group treated with 60 mg kg^?1 of AlNP, accompanied by a significant increase in platelets. The concentration of aluminum (Al) rose significantly in the thymus, lung, and brain of the group treated with 60 mg kg^?1 of AlNP. However, no significant changes in histopathology were observed. The expression for feeding behavior, energy expenditure, and neurodegeneration-related genes were up-regulated more than twofold by 60 mg kg^?1 AlNP. Consequently, data suggest that exposure to AlNP may result in adverse health effects, including but not limited to growth inhibition, immunosuppression, and neurodegeneration.