Natural organic matter(NOM) removal from surface water by coagulation

IntroductionNaturalorganicmatter(NOM)inriversandlakesisacomplexmixtureofmoleculeswithvaryingmolecularweightandchemicalnatureandoriginatesfromavarietyofsources(degradationofterrestrialandaquaticorganisms,biologicalactivityinthewaterbody,humaninputsetc.).NO…     

7050-T7451铝合金板材疲劳性能的厚度效应

目的 研究不同厚度的7050-T7451铝合金板材疲劳性能表现出的厚度效应。方法 试验件从3种厚度规格(75、150、203mm)板材的不同厚度位置取样,采用成组试验法进行3级应力–疲劳试验。分析试验数据,发现并总结材料疲劳性能随板材厚度及取样厚度位置变化的演化规律。结果 所有厚度规格板材的表面层材料的疲劳性能均为最优,且不同厚度规格板材表面层材料的疲劳性能差异较小。当板材的厚度较薄(75 mm)时,随着取样厚度位置变化,材料的疲劳性能差异较小;当板材的厚度较厚(150、203 mm)时,从表面层到中心层的材料疲劳性能呈非线性变化趋势,先变弱、后增强,疲劳寿命10⁵循环对应的最大应力降低幅度最大为21%左右。随着板材厚度的增加,疲劳性能最差的厚度层材料,疲劳寿命10⁵循环对应的最大应力降低了20%左右。结论 随着板材的厚度增加,7050-T7451铝合金板材疲劳性能的厚度效应变得越来越强,即疲劳性能在厚度方向的不均匀性越来越明显。工程师应在工程设计中考虑7050-T7451铝合金疲劳性能厚度效应对结构疲劳强度的影响。     

沉积物中氧化物结合态镉对芦苇的生物有效性研究：氧化物种类、结合形式、老化的影响

沉积物中重金属的生物有效性在很大程度上取决于其赋存形态.选用沉积物中2种典型氢氧化物矿物:氢氧化铁和氢氧化铝,以水培法和矿物结合态Cd为培养介质,以芦苇为受试植物,研究环境中吸附和共沉淀态Cd生物有效性差别,并探究老化过程对生物有效性的影响.经过13 d的培养,发现2种结合形式的Cd均可被芦苇富集,不同处理体系中富集强度不同,根中富集量为9.1~37.8 mg.kg-1;地上部分富集量为0~10.0 mg.kg-1.其中,结合在Fe0.5Al0.5(OH)3矿物上的Cd的生物有效性最大,其次是Fe(OH)3和老化的Fe0.5Al0.5(OH)3,富集量最少的是老化的Fe(OH)3的处理.采用2种低分子量有机酸对Cd进行解吸实验,Cd的解吸规律与芦苇对Cd的富集规律一致.因此,共沉淀处理降低了Cd的富集,矿物的理化性质决定了含铝矿物对Cd的结合较差,老化作用抑制了吸附态Cd的富集,有机酸解吸实验也验证了不同形态Cd生物有效性的差异.     

Factors effecting aluminum speciation in drinking water by laboratory research

Effects of aluminum on water distribution system and human health mainly attribute to its speciation in drinking water. Laboratory experiments were performed to investigate factors that may influence aluminum speciation in water supply system. The concentration of soluble aluminum and its transformation among other aluminum species were mainly controlled by kinetics processes of related reactions. Total aluminum concentration had a notable e ect on the concentrations of mononuclear and soluble aluminum in the first 4 day; then its e ect became weak. At pH above 7.50, both fluoride and orthophosphate had little e ect on aluminum speciation; while, when the solution pH was below 7.50, the concentrations of mononuclear and soluble aluminum were proportional to the concentration of fluoride and inversely proportional to the concentration of orthophosphate. Both mononuclear and polynuclear silicic acids could complex with mononuclear aluminum by forming soluble aluminosilicates. In addition, the adding sequence of orthophosphate and aluminum into drinking water would also a ect the distribution of aluminum species in the first 4 day. In order to minimize aluminum bioavailability in drinking water, it was suggested that orthophosphate should be added prior to coagulant process, and that the concentrations of fluoride and silicic acids should be controlled below 2.0 and 25 mg/L, respectively, prior to the treatment. The solution pH in coagulation and filtration processes should be controlled in the range of 6.50–7.50.     

垃圾渗滤液浓缩液高铁酸钾联合PAC处理技术研究

以碟管式反渗透(DTRO)处理垃圾渗滤液产生的浓缩液为研究对象,采用高铁酸钾联合聚合氯化铝(PAC)处理浓缩液.结果表明,在单独采用高铁酸钾的条件下,DTRO浓缩液COD、UV_(254)和色度去除率随着高铁酸钾投加量的增加而升高.高铁酸钾投加量为10 g·L~(-1),pH为5时,COD、UV_(254)和色度去除效果最佳,反应在40 min内基本完成,COD、UV_(254)、色度去除率分别为38.5%、35.7%和68.5%.通过响应曲面法分析高铁酸钾联合PAC处理DTRO浓缩液效果可得,高铁酸钾投加量在10.0～13.0 g·L~(-1)之间,pH调节至3.0～4.0,PAC投加量为13.0～15.0 g·L~(-1)时,DTRO浓缩液COD去除率可达74%.     

铝和锰对外生菌根真菌生长、养分吸收及分泌作用的影响

在强酸性土壤和铝锰矿墟上,铝和锰是影响森林生长和植被恢复的主要限制因子,研究它们对外生菌根真菌的影响,筛选优良的抗性菌株,可为开展污染土壤生物修复提供技术支撑及理论依据.试验采用纯培养技术研究了Al3+、Mn2+单独或共存对褐环乳牛肝菌13(Suillus luteus 13,Sl 13)、土生空团菌04(Cenococcum geophilum 04,Cg 04)、彩色豆马勃715(Pisolithustinctorius 715,Pt 715)这3株外生菌根真菌生长、养分吸收、有机酸分泌的影响.结果表明,Mn2+使Sl 13、Cg 04、Pt 715的生物量分别降低了70.35%、52.44%和18.55%;Al3+使Sl 13的生物量下降50.74%,但增加Cg 04的生物量;Al3+和Mn2+共存对3种菌株生长均有协同抑制作用,但对Pt 715的抑制最小,表明Cg 04抗铝,Pt 715对铝、锰的单独污染和复合污染均有较强的抗性.Al3+和Mn2+抑制外生菌根真菌吸收养分,对Sl 13的抑制作用显著大于Pt 715和Cg 04;但提高3个菌株的草酸和H+分泌速率,增加其分泌量,两者共存对Cg 04草酸分泌速率具有协同促进效应,Pt 715不仅能分泌草酸而且还分泌丁二酸.因此,抗性强的外生菌根真菌可通过分泌较多的有机酸络合Al3+和Mn2+而缓解其毒害.     

聚合铝基复合混凝剂残余铝及混凝性能的初步研究

以不同碱化度(B)的聚合氯化铝(PAC)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵均聚物(PDMDAAC)制备聚合氯化铝-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵均聚物复合混凝剂(PAC-PDMDAAC)，试验了其处理模拟水的除浊效果及水体的残余铝量。结果表明：PAG-PDMDAAC较PAC具有更低的投加量，更好的除浊效果，处理后水体具有更低的残余铝量。B和PDMDAAC质量百分含量(P％)对PAC-PDMDAAC除浊效果及水体的残余铝量有不同程度的影响。     

不同聚合铝对水中有机物的去除研究

强化混凝是去除水中消毒副产物的最佳方法之一。文章针对强化混凝技术,从去除水中有机物的角度出发,对不同聚合铝的处理效果进行了研究。结果表明,酸性条件、加大投药量有利于水中TOC及UV254的去除,且酸性条件更为有利。在pH=6.3,工业PAC投药量为1.5×10-4mo(l有效铝)时去除效果最佳,水中总有机碳(TOC)及紫外吸光度(UV25)4的去除率分别可达到46%及57%,实验室制备的聚合铝碱化度越高越有利于水中有机物的去除。     

Advanced lignin-acrylamide water treatment agent by pulp and paper industrial sludge：Synthesis, properties and application

A novel flocculant LA （lignin-acrylamide polymer）, which was used as aid for aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride in this study, was prepared by grafting acrylamide onto lignin that deriving from pulp and papermaking sludge. Physicochemical properties of LA were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental outcome indicated acrylamide was grafted onto the lignin backbone successfully. The effects of LA addition were evaluated on coagulation performance and floc characteristics as a function of aluminum （Al） dosage, such as floc size, growth rate, strength and recoverability. Effects of different dosing sequences, Al dosed first and LA dosed first, were also investigated. LA used as coagulant aid markedly enhanced the removal efficiency of turbidity and dissolved organic carbon, especially at low Al dosages. The dissolved organic carbon removal efficiencies of aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride at the Al dosage range selected in this study were improved more than 30% and 5% by LA, respectively. LA dramatically enlarged floc size and it was in the order： Al dosed first 〉 LA dosed first 〉 Al. Floc strength and recoverability were also improved by LA. LA played a significant role in charge neutralization, adsorption and bridging in floc formation.     

LY12CZ航空铝合金腐蚀疲劳断口研究

借助扫描电镜以及能谱分析技术对预腐蚀LY12CZ铝合金疲劳断口形貌进行了研究,分析了腐蚀疲劳断口形貌与合金中的Si,Mg等元素以及腐蚀损伤对断裂过程的影响。结果表明疲劳断口是以韧性为主的多源性断口。腐蚀坑使得材料局部力学性能退化,成为裂纹萌生源。合金化过程中控制合适的Mg,Si等强化相元素含量,能够使强度与塑性相匹配,从而提高材料的抗疲劳性能。