新型阳离子絮凝剂KD-1在活性印染废水处理中的应用研究

以双氰胺、甲醛为主要原料,以硫酸铝为催化剂并引入添加剂合成了新型阳离子絮凝剂双氰胺甲醛树脂(KD1)。报道了用KD1对以活性染料为主要成分的印染废水进行混凝脱色试验。结果表明,用KD1处理以活性染料为主要成分的印染废水,其CODCr去除率≥80%,脱色率≥98%。该絮凝剂对降低废水中的化学需氧量和色度方面具有显著的效果。     

铝对小麦的毒性及小麦抗铝机理

为探讨铝对植物的毒作用以及植物抗铝机理,研究了酸性条件下(pH4.4)铝胁迫对小麦的铝抗性品系TAM202和铝敏感品系TAM105的根和叶细胞内的一些生理生化指标的影响以及小麦对不同形态铝的吸收.结果表明,小麦主要吸收单核铝,抗性品系小麦TAM202吸收铝较少;在低浓度铝作用下TAM202培养后其营养液pH值显著升高;在不同浓度铝作用下,铝敏感品系TAM105叶片中的脯氨酸含量显著升高,表明铝对TAM202的叶片影响小于对TAM105的影响.2个品系小麦根细胞壁的组分含量在铝胁迫下发生变化.在75μmol·L^-1铝作用下,TAM202中细胞壁的蛋白及己糖和糖醛酸的含量均升高,表明铝可能促进细胞壁成分的合成,对植物抗铝发挥一定的作用.     

Effect of competing solutes on arsenic(V) adsorption using iron and aluminum oxides

The study focused on the effect of several typical competing solutes on removal of arsenic with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. The test results indicate that chloride, nitrate and sulfate did not have detectable effects, and that selenium(IV) (Se(IV)) and vanadium(V) (V(V)) show slight effects on the adsorption of As(V) with Fe2O3. The results also showed that adsorption of As(V) on Al2O3 was not affected by chloride and nitrate anions, but slightly by Se(IV) and V(V) ions. Unlike the adsorption of As(V) with Fe2O3, that with Fe2O3 was affected by the presence of sulfate in water solutions. Both phosphate and silica have significant adverse effects on the adsorption of As(V) adsorption with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Compared to the other tested anions, phosphate anion was found to be the most prominent solute affecting the As(V) adsorption with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. In general, Fe2O3 has a better performance than Al2O3 in removal of As(V) within a water environment where multi competing solutes are present.     

Transfer and transport of aluminum in filtration unit

Aluminum salt coagulants were used prevalently in various water works.In this article,the effects of filtration on residual aluminum concentration and species distribution were researched by determining the concentration of diiferent aluminum species before and after single layer filter,double layer filter,and membrane filtration units.In the research,size exclusion chromatography(SEC)was used to separate colloidal and soluble aluminum,ion exchange chromatography(IEC)was used to separate organic and inorganic aluminum, and inductivity coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES)was used to determine the aluminum concentration.The results showed that the rapid filtration process had the ability of removing residual aluminum from coagulant effluent water,and that double layer filtration was more effective in residual aluminum removal than single layer filtration,while nano filtration was more effective than micro filtration.It was found that when the residual aluminum concentration was below 1mg/L in sediment effluent,the residual aluminum concentration in treated water was above 0.2 mg/L.The direct rapid filtration process mainly removed the suspended aluminum.The removal of soluble and colloidal aluminum was always less than 10% and the natural small particles that adsorbed the amount of soluble or small particles aluminum on their surface were difficult to be removed in this process.Micro filtration and nano filtration were good technologies for removing aluminum;the residual aluminum concentration in the effluent was less than 0.05 mg/L.     

土壤中活性铝的流动注射分析

研究了ECR-CTMAB体系测定土壤中活性铝的流动注射分析。结果表明,该方法具有快速、灵敏的特点,进样频率为60个样/时,检出限为0.05μg/ml。用不同提取液提取各地区土壤中活性铝并进行了测定。     

7A52铝合金等离子弧焊接头盐雾腐蚀行为研究

目的研究7A52装甲铝合金等离子弧焊接接头耐海洋大气环境的腐蚀特征和规律。方法通过盐雾加速腐蚀试验进行腐蚀评估,并在腐蚀后利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察腐蚀产物微观形貌,并分析腐蚀时间对腐蚀性能的影响,通过能谱(EDS)分析腐蚀产物的元素组成。结果 7A52铝合金焊接接头盐雾腐蚀初期(8 h)热影响区首先出现点蚀,随着腐蚀时间延长(12 h),母材和焊缝发生点蚀,热影响区腐蚀产物层氧的含量最多。结论 7A52装甲铝合金等离子弧焊接接头处热影响区是腐蚀敏感区,热影响区比焊缝区和母材区耐蚀性稍差。     

铝合金硫酸阳极化耐蚀性试验失败原因分析

目的分析铝合金硫酸阳极化耐蚀性失败的原因。方法从试片、阳极化工艺参数、槽液中杂质等方面分析并进行工艺试验。结果硫酸阳极化耐蚀性试验失败,不是单一原因造成的,而是由于试片基材缺陷、硫酸槽液Cu~(2+)含量高、封闭槽液被污染的共同作用下导致的。结论试片表面完整、无破损无腐蚀,试片表面清洗彻底,以及控制硫酸槽液中c(Cu~(2+))≤0.02 g/L,封闭槽液中c(Fe~(2+))≤0.001 g/L、c(Al~(3+))≤0.01 g/L、c(Zn~(2+))≤0.0001 g/L,可明显改善阳极化膜层质量,提高硫酸阳极化耐蚀性试验的合格率。     

现代铝业生态环境系统研究

资源和环境问题是我国面临的严重的生态安全和环境安全问题,也是制约我国工业可持续发展的战略问题。生态铝业是与环境协调发展的环境友好的工业体系,它有效地解决了传统铝业发展和生态环境保护之间的矛盾。传统铝业耗电量大、污染严重、生产成本高;现代铝业属于生态工业,它以循环经济为指导,推行清洁生产,发展热电联产,促进污染物的资源化,减少废弃物的排放,降低了铝业生产的物耗、能耗和生产成本,增加了市场竞争力,形成整个工业系统的良性循环。笔者提出了现代铝业生态系统的框架,并简单介绍了主要子系统的清洁生产途径。以期抛砖引玉,促进现代铝业生态环境系统的研究,推动生态铝业在我国的实践和发展。     

激光—时间分辨技术在Zn,Al,Cd荧光测定中的应用

本文报道了以７－碘－８羟基喹啉－５－磺酸作荧光增强剂，采用激光－时间分辨技术对Ｚｎ，Ａｌ，Ｃｄ进行荧光测定的原理和方法。     

铝—铬天青S—聚乙烯醇体系光度法测定沉积物中的铝

在聚乙炮醇增溶剂的作用下，用铬天青Ｓ测定铝的分光光度法，研究了铝（Ⅲ）－铬天青Ｓ－聚乙烯醇配合物形成的最佳条件。该法的回收率为９７．６８％－１００．６０％，相对标准偏差小于１．３０％。