检测管法与纳氏试剂光度法测定氨氮的比较研究

对氨氮真空玻璃检测管法和纳氏试剂光度法进行检出限、精密度、准确度,以及实际样品测试方面的比较研究。研究表明,氨氮检测管的检出限为0．2mg／L,精密度测定的相对标准偏差为0％～5．75％,准确度测定的加标回收率为93％～124％。检测管法和纳氏剂法同时测定多种实际样品,结果两种方法的相对误差为-37．8％～11．8％,结论：检测管法能够满足半定量测试的需求。     

深埋岛式地铁车站突发事件时人员疏散模拟研究

在地铁安全性分析中,人员安全疏散是一个关键的考核指标。笔者首先介绍基于规范的人员疏散设计、基于火灾工程学的性能化人员疏散设计思路及计算方法;以某市轨道交通S号线深埋车站为系统原型,通过人员疏散动力学模型对深埋车站的人员疏散过程(1 200人)进行计算机模拟;研究突发事件时,深埋站点内人员能否安全疏散。     

纳米TiO2催化臭氧化对松花江水中氨氮的影响

研究了以负载于陶粒、硅胶、沸石表面的纳米TiO₂作为催化剂时,催化臭氧化松花江水过程中氨氮浓度的变化.结果表明,在单独臭氧化过程中,氨氮浓度先升高后下降,反应30 min后的氨氮浓度与初始浓度相近.在以TiO₂/陶粒、TiO₂/硅胶为催化剂的催化臭氧化过程中,氨氮浓度也是先升高后下降,但反应过程中氨氮的平均浓度要高于单独臭氧化过程.以TiO₂/沸石为催化剂时,催化臭氧化过程中氨氮浓度先下降,然后略有升高,继而又下降,30 min时对氨氮的去除率接近80%.单独臭氧化和催化臭氧化过程中,增大臭氧投量,氨氮浓度最大值出现的时间提前,并且反应过程中氨氮浓度平均值降低.增大催化剂TiO₂/陶粒、TiO₂/硅胶的投量,催化臭氧化过程中氨氮浓度平均值升高.增大TiO₂/沸石投量,有利于氨氮的去除,但投量增大到50g以上时,对氨氮的去除效果影响很小.温度从10℃升高到30℃,对TiO₂/陶粒、TiO₂/硅胶催化臭氧化过程中氨氮浓度的变化影响不大.而以TiO₂/沸石为催化剂时,温度升高有利于催化臭氧化过程中氨氮的去除.     

Kinetics of selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 on Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst

The catalyst of Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 has been found to be more active than Fe-ZSM-5 and Mo/ZSM-5 separately for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with NH3. The kinetics of the SCR reaction in the presence of O2 was studied in this work. The results show that the observed reaction orders were 0.74-0.99, 0.01-0.13, and 0 for NO, O2 and NH3, respectively, at 350-450℃. And the apparent activation energy of the SCR was 65 kJ/mol on the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst. The SCR mechanism was also deduced. Adsorbed NO species can react directly with adsorbed ammonia species on the active sites to form N2 and H2O. Gaseous O2 might serve as a reoxidizing agent for the active sites that have undergone reduction in the SCR process. It is also important to note that a certain amount of NO was decomposed directly over the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst in the absence of NH3.     

站控、通信及网络系统的防雷措施

论述了输油泵站控制系统及微波通信系统遭受雷击的危害及原因,有针对性地采取了各种防雷的有效措施,完善微波通讯和站控及网络防雷保护系统,为确保输油安全生产提供了有利保证.     

珠江三角洲人为氨源排放清单及特征

根据收集的珠江三角洲(珠三角)人为氨源的活动水平数据,采用合理的估算方法和排放因子,建立了该地区2006年人为氨源分类别和分城市的排放清单.结果表明:①2006年珠三角地区人为氨源NH3排放总量约为194.8kt;②农业源是珠江三角洲地区人为氨源的主要排放贡献源,其中畜禽源排放的NH3占总排放量的62.1%,其次是氮肥施用源,其贡献率为21.7%;③畜禽源中肉鸡是NH3排放最大贡献源,占畜禽源NH3排放总量的43.4%,其次是肉猪,其贡献率为32.1%;④广州是珠三角地区2006年人为氨源排放量最大的城市,其次是江门,分别占NH3总排放量的23.4%和19.1%,主要的排放源均为畜禽和氮肥施用源.     

临安区域大气本底站CO_2浓度特征及其碳源汇变化研究

通过分析2006年8月～2009年7月临安区域大气本底站Flask瓶采样获得的CO2浓度特征,结合碳追踪模式的模拟结果,研究了长三角地区碳源汇变化对CO2浓度的影响.结果表明,临安区域大气本底站的CO2浓度分布在368.3×10-6～414.8×10-6之间,具有较明显的季节波动变化特征,冬季高、夏季低,浓度年较差接近...     

V_2O_5-TiO_2离子存储电极薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备与性能研究

利用无机溶胶-凝胶技术制备了V2O5-（TiO2）x离子存储电极薄膜。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、Raman光谱、循环伏安法（CV）和紫外-可见光透射光谱分别研究了复合薄膜的微观结构、化学计量、锂离子注入性能以及光学性能。结果表明复合薄膜具有V2O5的层状结构,其c轴方向的结构取向性有所降低;颗粒尺寸和表面粗糙度显著减小;同时TiO2的复合导致薄膜中V2O5的化学计量发生偏移,氧空位数量增多。当x=0.2时,薄膜具有相对较高的离子存储容量及循环稳定性,并且在离子注入/脱出状态均获得相当高的可见光透过性。     

Interspecific competition effects on phosphorus accumulation by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans

The competition between submersed plants has been recognized as an important factor influencing the structure of plant communities in shallow lakes. The ability of different species to take up and store nutrients from the surrounding ambience varies, and hence plant community structure might be expected to affect the cycling of nutrients in lake ecosystems. In this study, the uptake of phosphorus by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans was studied and compared in monoculture and competitive mixed-culture plantings. Results showed that for both studied species the phosphorus concentrations of different tissues and of whole plants was unaffected by competition. However, the quantity of phosphorus accumulated by whole plants of H. verticillata was significantly higher in mixture culture than in monoculture, while that of V. natans was lower in the mixed culture. The results indicated that H. verticillata has a competitive advantage over V. natans, when the two species are grown in competition, and is able to accumulate a greater quantity of phosphorus.     

Effect of C/N ratio, aeration rate and moisture content on ammonia and greenhouse gas emission during the composting

Gaseous emission (N₂O, CH₄ and NH₃) from composting can be an important source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas and air pollution. A laboratory scale orthogonal experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of C/N ratio, aeration rate and initial moisture content on gaseous emission during the composting of pig faeces from Chinese Ganqinfen system. The results showed that about 23.9% to 45.6% of total organic carbon (TOC) was lost in the form of CO₂ and 0.8% to 7.5% of TOC emitted as CH₄. Most of the nitrogen was lost in the form of NH₃, which account for 9.6% to 32.4% of initial nitrogen. N₂O was also an important way of nitrogen losses and 1.5% to 7.3% of initial total nitrogen was lost as it. Statistic analysis showed that the aeration rate is the most important factor which could affect the NH₃ (p = 0.0189), CH₄ (p = 0.0113) and N₂O (p = 0.0493) emissions significantly. Higher aeration rates reduce the CH₄ emission but increase the NH₃ and N₂O losses. C/N ratio could affect the NH₃ (p = 0.0442) and CH₄ (p = 0.0246) emissions significantly, but not the N₂O. Lower C/N ratio caused higher NH₃ and CH₄ emissions. The initial moisture content can not influence the gaseous emission significantly. Most treatments were matured after 37 days, except a trial with high moisture content and a low C/N ratio.