垃圾渗滤液组合工艺处理技术

针对垃圾渗滤液氨氮浓度高、COD浓度高、难降解物质含量高的特点,研究了MAP脱氮-生物处理-混凝组合工艺,考察了不同单元的作用及影响处理效果的因素。试验结果表明,高浓度的垃圾渗滤液经该优化组合工艺处理,污染物的去除率为COD97.5%、BOD599.2%、NH4-N87.2%、E26075.3%。除NH4-N外,其余指标均达到了生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准中规定的二级排放标准值。     

微电解法在废水处理中的研究及应用

概述了近20多年来国内外微电解法在染料、印染、重金属、农药、制药、油分等废水处理方面的研究应用及进展,对其处理机理进行了分析。微电解法处理速度快、效率高,主要是在处理过程中同时发生吸附作用和电化学还原作用。因此,该法是一种很有实用价值的废水处理方法。为进一步提高微电解的处理效果,提出了目前微电解法应用中存在的几个问题,并初步探讨了今后的发展动向。     

废物处理企业在清洁生产中的作用

作为对废物进行无害化处理及资源化利用的特殊企业,废物处理企业在清洁生产中扮演着与其它企业不同的独特角色。废物处理企业不仅作为废物处理和资源化利用的主体在清洁生产中发挥着直接的作用,而且还通过对废物产生源的影响、对废物处理技术和管理经验的开发和实践、以及对废物有关信息的反馈等方式,对废物产生单位的经营和管理部门决策施加影响,从而起到影响和促进清洁生产的作用。     

天然沸石的加工技术及其在水处理中的应用

论述了天然沸石的吸附、离子交换和催化性能,介绍了沸石的超细粉碎、选矿提纯、化学增白、改性或改型、人工合成和再生等加工技术．从去除有机污染物、去除氨氮、降低氟含量、去除重金属离子、作污水滤料、消除放射性物质等方面回顾了沸石在水处理中的应用．并对应用前景和未来发展进行了展望。     

稻田土菌群驯化对稻秆两步发酵产甲烷效果的影响

为提高稻秆的降解率及其厌氧发酵甲烷产量,采用高氨氮畜禽废水作为氮源以驯化稻田土壤微生物,优化其降解稻秆的初始pH值,并评估水解产物液体发酵产甲烷性能.结果表明,混合组驯化的微生物产纤维素酶活性及对稻秆木质素的降解率高于其它组及先前文献报道,分别达到4.01 IU和51.96%,且后期水解液中总有机碳（Total organic carbon, TOC）及还原糖含量最高.随着初始pH值的提高,稻秆中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率显著增加,稻秆水解液中的挥发性脂肪酸（Volatile fatty acids, VFAs）和TOC含量均显著增加,并在第7 d达到最高值.将水解稻秆7 d的水解液进行厌氧发酵显示,在初始pH=9.0条件下累积甲烷产量达到最大,为37.60 mL·mL^-1水解液.本实验结果表明, 驯化的稻田土微生物在碱性条件下可以更有效地降解稻秆,提高水解液中TOC及VFAs含量,从而提高厌氧发酵的甲烷产量.     

产酸脱硫反应器中碳硫比对群落生态特征的影响

通过产酸脱硫反应器处理高浓度含硫酸盐废水的连续流试验,从群落动态的角度研究碳硫比(COD/SO₄^2-)从4.2降低到2.0的过程中,pH值、氧化还原电位(ORP)、碱度(ALK)和末端产物(VFAs)组成、优势种群分布等群落生态特征的变化规律试验证明,在此过程中ORP和ALK提高,而pH值和VFAs中乙酸的分布比例降低,群落类型由高碳硫比稳定型转化为低碳硫比亚稳定型,但仍未改变乙酸型顶极群落的典型特征.     

Electrocoagulation process for the treatment of metal-plating wastewater: Kinetic modeling and energy consumption

The wastewater from industrial area was treated by EC via Fe and Al electrodes. Cu, Ni, Cr and Zn were highly removed at the first minutes, simultaneously. Pseudo-2nd-order was found to be more suitable for kinetics. Adsorption capacities based on kinetic modeling were observed as Cr>Cu>Ni>Zn. The chemical cost in the case of pH adjustment after EC was less as 3.83 $/m³. It is known that wastewater produced by the metal-plating industry contains several heavy metals, which are acidic in nature and therefore toxic for the environment and for living creatures. In particular, heavy metals enter the food chain and accumulate in vital organs and cause serious illness. The precipitation of these metals is mostly achieved by pH adjustment, but as an alternative to this method, the electrocoagulation process has investigated in this study using iron and aluminum electrodes. The effects of the pH adjustment on removal before and after the electrocoagulation process were investigated, and cost analyses were also compared. It was observed that a high proportion of removal was obtained during the first minutes of the electrocoagulation process; thus, the current density did not have a great effect. In addition, the pH adjustment after the electrocoagulation process using iron electrodes, which are 10% more effective than aluminum electrodes, was found to be much more efficient than before the electrocoagulation process. In the process where kinetic modeling was applied, it was observed that the heavy metal removal mechanism was not solely due to the collapse of heavy metals at high pH values, and with this modeling, it was seen that this mechanism involved adsorption by iron and aluminum hydroxides formed during the electrocoagulation process. When comparing the ability of heavy metals to be adsorbed, the sequence was observed to be Cr>Cu>Ni>Zn, respectively.     

好氧触媒在造纸法再造烟叶污水处理中的应用分析

本文围绕好氧触媒在造纸法再造烟叶污水处理中的应用展开分析。如对好氧触媒在再造烟叶污水处理中的应用必要性及好氧触媒作用原理予以介绍,并对好氧触媒在造纸法再造烟叶污水处理中应用展开试验。     

紫外-Fenton试剂的作用机理及在废水处理中的应用

本文研究了紫外光、铁离子对过氧化氢的催化分解作用.证实了紫外光和铁离子对过氧化氢的催化分解存在协同效应,并通过研究三价铁离子与紫外光的相互作用,探讨了协同效应产生的机理.UV-Fenton试剂对硝基苯、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)模拟废水的处理结果表明:将紫外光引入Fenton试剂可大大提高Fen-ton试剂的氧化性能,对生物难降解或难化学氧化的有机污染物具有良好的处理效果.     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液地下原位脱氮技术综述

氨氮是城市垃圾厌氧填埋过程中产生的常见的污染物。由于氨氮的持久性和生物毒性,生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液中氮的脱除已引起了人们的高度关注。文中结合国内外的研究现状的基础,论述了厌氧渗滤液回灌、强制通风好氧填埋、准好氧填埋和生物反应器填埋四种垃圾渗滤液原位脱氮处理技术的原理、技术特点、工程投资、运行成本以及处理效果等;指出了垃圾填埋场渗滤液原位脱氮技术的未来研究重点:填埋场内脱氮机理和脱氮速率的深入研究、工艺控制优化研究以及生物反应器填埋的实际应用设计研究。