Natural attenuation/phytoremediation in the vadose zone of a former industrial sludge basin

The natural attenuation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the vadose zone of a naturally revegetated former industrial sludge basin (0.45 ha) was examined. This was accomplished by comparing the concentration of 16 PAH contaminants present in sludge collected below the root zone of plants with contaminants present at 3 shallower depths within the root zone. Chemical analysis of 240 samples from 60 cores showed the average concentration of total and individual PAHs in the 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, and bottom of the root zone strata were approximately 10, 20, and 50%, respectively, of the 16, 800 ppm average total PAH concentration in deep non-rooted sludge. Statistically significant differences in average PAH concentrations were observed between each strata studied and the non-rooted sludge except for the concentrations of acenaphthene and chrysene present at the bottom of the root zone in comparison to sludge values. The rooting depth of the vegetation growing in the basin was dependent on both vegetation type and plant age. Average rooting depths for trees, forbs (herbaceous non-grasses), and grasses were 90, 60, and 50 cm, respectively. The deepest root systems observed (100-120 cm) were associated with the oldest (12-14 year-old) mulberry trees. Examination of root systems and PAH concentrations at numerous locations and depths within the basin indicated that plant roots and their microbially active rhizospheres fostered PAH disappearance; including water insoluble, low volatility compounds, i.e. benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene. The reduced concentration of PAHs in the upper strata of this revegetated former sludge basin indicated that natural attenuation had occurred. This observation supports the concept that through appropriate planting and management practices (phytoremediation) it will be possible to accelerate, maximize, and sustain natural processes, whereby even the most recalcitrant PAH contaminants (i.e. benzo(a)pyrene) can be remediated over time.     

生物法净化低浓度工业废气的技术进展

综述了生物法净化有害气体的发展历史与现状，介绍了有机废气、SO2、H2S、NOx废气处理的生物净化实验研究和工业应用情况。     

中国工业二氧化硫排放量的灰色预测新模型

中国工业二氧化硫排放量既是一个灰色系统，又是一个离散动态系统。本文基于ＧＰＭ（１）灰色生长曲线，建立了预测中国工业二氧化硫排放量的ＧＩＰＭ（１）这一灰色对数幂函数曲线新模型。应用表明，ＧＩＰＭ（１）不仅与实际具有良好的一致性，也为国家制定工业二氧化硫排放量的控制治理规划提供了理论依据。     

Grey relation analysis of carbon dioxide emissions from industrial production and energy uses in Taiwan

This study aims to identify key factors affecting energy-induced CO₂emission changes from 34 industries in Taiwan, in order to have an integrated understanding of the industrial environmental-economic-energy performance and to provide insights for relevant policy making in Taiwan. Grey relation analysis was used in this paper to analyse how energy-induced CO₂emissions from 34 industries in Taiwan are affected by the factors: production, total energy consumption, coal, oil, gas and electricity uses. The methodology was modified by taking account of the evolutionary direction among relevant factors. Furthermore, tests of sensitivity and stability, which are seldom discussed in most grey relation analyses, were conducted to ensure the reliability of outcomes. We found that values ranging from 0·3 to 0·5 are appropriate, and the analytical results with value of 0·5 offer moderate distinguishing effects and good stability. Results indicate that industrial production has the closest relationship with aggregate CO₂emission changes; electricity consumption the second in importance. It reveals that the economy in Taiwan relied heavily on CO₂intensive industries, and that electricity consumption had become more important for economic growth. The relational order of fuels is electricity, coal, oil then gas, accordant with their CO₂emission coefficients in Taiwan. The positive relational grade of aggregate production implies that the aggregate industrial CO₂intensity tended to decline. The total energy consumption had a smaller and negative relational grade with CO₂emissions, and implies an improvement on aggregate energy intensity, while the CO₂emission coefficient increased. For industries with significant influence on CO₂emissions, the total energy consumption had the largest relational grades. It is important to reduce the energy intensity of these industries. Nevertheless, it is also critical to decouple energy consumption and production to reduce the impacts of CO₂mitigation on economic growth.     

浅谈山东泉林生态纸业模式

山东泉林纸业经过多年的实践，逐步探讨出一套建设生态纸业的成功模式。本文从实际出发，介绍了企业在技术创新、污染治理、资源综合利用、构建生态产业链、发展循环经济等方面的成效和经验。     

可持续发展状况的生态足迹模型定量评价——以山东省滨州市为例

可持续发展的定量测度研究是当前国际上关注的几个生态经济研究前沿问题之一。近年来生态足迹的方法用于定量的研究和判断某地区的可持续发展取得了一定的成果。通过生态足迹模型定量的计算和分析了2003年滨州市的生态足迹，计算得出滨州市的生态足迹需求为3．33hm^2，而生态承载力只有0．61hm^2，生态足迹需求是生态承载力的5．5倍，这反映了州市生产、生活的强度已大大超过了其生态系统的承载能力，生态系统处于过度开发状态。     

青岛市可持续性定量测度动态分析

应用生态足迹计算模型和统计数据，对青岛市1998-2002年的生态足迹和生态承栽力进行了动态分析，并预测了未来青岛市的可持续发展趋势。     

成都市可持续发展测度与分析

生态足迹是一种定量测量人类对自然利用程度的方法，已经被广泛应用于定量测度区域或城市的可持续发展。成都地处我国西部，是西部大开发的战略高地和“桥头堡”，对西部地区的发展起着示范、先导、辐射和带动作用。采用生态足迹理论和计算模型对成都市各类土地面积进行量化，具体计算出成都市的生态承载力、供需结构。计算结果表明，2003年其人均生态足迹超过了它的人均生态承载力，生态经济系统存在生态赤字，必须采取措施提高生态承载力，减少生态压力，探讨可持续发展的道路。     

混合化工污水处理工艺的试验研究

本文介绍了利用混凝沉淀一生物接触氧化法治理混合化工污水的试验工艺选择,对生化进水的预处理工作进行了初步的探索,在生化试验中,研究了水力停留时间和有机负荷对污水处理效果的影响,并观察了微生物的生长和发展规律,初步探讨了其动力学模型,试验证明：本法能有效地处理混合化工污水,在适宜的条件下,ＣＯＤｃｒ、ＢＯＤ５的去除率可达５５％和９０％以上,色度和ＳＳ的去除率分别可达８０％和５０％以上。     

浅谈工业窑炉烟气脱硝工艺技术的应用

工业窑炉的NOx的减排需要技术的支持。在分析现有成熟脱硝技术的基础上,结合玻璃窑炉和水泥窑炉各自的情况,提出工业窑炉的可行脱硝工艺,并通过工程实践寻求证实和不断优化。