Ozonation as an advanced oxidant in treatment of bamboo industry wastewater

The present study employed ozonation process to treat the bamboo industry wastewater (BIWW). The impact of ozone dosage and initial organic concentration on color, COD and TOC removal rates were studied along with characterization of the major organics in raw and treated wastewater. The results suggested the ozone dosage of 3.15 g h⁻¹ (concentration 52.5 mg L⁻¹) was suitable for the treatment. After 25 min ozonation of 1 L raw wastewater, the color, COD and TOC removal efficiencies were 95%, 56% and 40%, respectively, with an influent COD concentration of 835 mg L⁻¹. The ratio of kg O₃ kg⁻¹ COD at 3.15 g h⁻¹ was 2.8 (<3), revealing that ozonation was a cost effective process for tertiary treatment of BIWW. Longer oxidization time was required to achieve similar results for raw wastewater with higher COD concentration. The chromatogram from gel permeation chromatography revealed that ozonation resulted in the breakdown of high molecular weight compounds into lower molecular weight components but could not completely mineralize the organic matter. The majority of these compounds were identified in both raw and ozonated samples via GC-MS analysis. In addition to ester derivatives as the main intermediates of ozonation, 1-chloroctadecane, methyl stearate, benzophenone and α-cyperone were identified as the by-products of ozonation.     

再生资源产业发展的战略思考与对策建议

再生资源产业对于破解我国资源环境约束、推动新型城镇化建设和促进产业结构调整具有重要的支撑作用.但是我国再生资源产业处于发展初期,面临管理体系不善、技宋鬟备落后、产业规 缺位和产业政策不清等突出问题.对此,提出六点具体建议,包括：加强立法和产业发展的顶层设计,构建再生资源高效回收体系,推动技术装备升级和推广,完善配套财税政策,强化产业规划统筹和部门政策衔接,加强与新型城镇化建设的融合等.     

中国食品工业可持续发展现状分析与对策——基于河南、四川、青海三省食品企业的调查

改革开放30多年来,中国的食品工业有突飞猛进的发展,食品企业的生产能力大幅提升,但中国食品工业仍然存在着诸如食品质量体系不健全、食品安全隐患大等问题.分析了我国食品工业可持续发展生产的背景,然后就河南、四川、青海三省的食品企业可持续发展生产状况做了问卷分析.根据问卷分析结果,从政府层面、企业层面、社会层面提出促进我国食品工业可持续发展的建议.     

甘肃省第三产业对经济增长贡献的实证研究

第三产业的加快发展是生产力提高和社会进步的必然结果。大力发展第三产业有利于提高工农业生产的社会化和专业化水平,有利于优化生产结构,促进市场充分发育,缓解就业压力,从而促进整个经济持续、快速和健康发展。利用1991-2009年数据,以向量自回归模型为基础,采用单位根检验、协整分析和格兰杰因果检验等方法对甘肃省第三产业与经济增长之间的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明,1991-2009年甘肃省第三产业总值对GDP的长期弹性为0．35035,第三产业对经济增长具有积极的促进作用。     

我国副省级城市第三产业发展研究——以哈尔滨为例

第三产业发展水平是衡量一个国家经济实力的重要标准,综合评价第三产业,有助于正确认识我国各地区第三产业的发展水平。以我国15个副省级城市为研究对象,构建第三产业综合发展水平指标体系,运用主成分分析法,通过比较分析得出哈尔滨市第三产业发展中存在的问题,并提出相关对策建议。     

旅游安全信息管理问题与对策研究

旅游安全是旅游业的生命线,旅游安全信息是旅游安全管理的基础。加强旅游安全信息管理,对提高旅游安全管理水平,促进旅游业的健康发展和提升社会管理水平等具有重要意义。界定了旅游安全信息管理的涵义,总结了加强旅游安全信息管理的意义,结合我国旅游安全信息管理的现状及旅游业发展的趋势,分析了当前我国旅游安全信息管理方面存在的问题,探讨改进我国旅游安全信息管理的对策,为全面提高我国旅游安全管理水平和旅游业的健康发展服务。     

Impacts on industry of Europe's emerging chemicals policy REACh

For Europe, a new regime in chemicals regulation is about to start. After the proposal of the European Commission concerning the Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACh) passed its readings in the European Parliament and some differences with the European Council of Ministers were resolved, the regulation will come into force in June 2007. This paper is focused on the question how serious the cost burdens for industry induced by REACh will be, and whether the New European Member States (NMS) which joined the European Union in May 2004 will be able to cope with the regulation. This evaluation has been done by assessing the legislative, administrative and economic framework in New Member States and by analysing real business cases in companies. The empirical showcase business impact studies are at the same time of interest for companies of EU-15 states, other European countries who may implement the regulation, and even for exporters of raw materials and chemicals outside Europe, who will also have to comply with REACh if they market in the European Community. The results give no indications that REACh adoption will bring significant drawbacks to companies in the NMS. The emerging regulation will bring challenges for individual companies, especially for small and medium-sized ones, but for the European chemical industry as a whole, there is no question that it will be able to cope with REACh burdens without losing its global competitiveness.     

Wastewater management in small- and medium-size enterprises: case studies

Wastewater management in small and medium-sized enterprises representing the chemical and food industries was investigated. The results showed that wastewater discharged from an ink-production factory was highly contaminated with organic pollutants. Anaerobic biological treatment followed by chemical coagulation using ferric chloride aided with lime proved to be very effective and produced an effluent that complied with national regulatory standard for wastewater discharge into public sewage network. Also, management of wastewater from a confectionery factory representing the food sector was carried out. Aerobic biological treatment using plastic-packed trickling filter proved to be an effective treatment method. However, application of in-plant control measures alleviated the requirement for the construction of a wastewater treatment plant. The applied pollution prevention and cleaner production measures involved good housekeeping, recovery of spent chocolate, modification of floor cleaning and installation of suction devices for the removal of sugar and starch powders. All improvement measures were documented by cost/benefit analysis.     

Exploratory Analysis of the Winter Chemistry of Five Lakes on the North Slope of Alaska1

Abstract: Lakes are important water resources on the North Slope of Alaska. Freshwater is required for oilfield production as well as exploration, which occurs largely on ice roads and pads. Since most North Slope lakes are shallow, the quantity and quality of the water under ice at the end of winter are important environmental management issues. Currently, water‐use permits are a function of the presence of overwintering fish populations, and their sensitivity to low oxygen concentrations. Sampling of five North Slope lakes during the winter of 2004‐2005 shed some light on the winter chemistry of four lakes that were used as water supplies and one undisturbed lake. Field analysis was conducted for oxygen, conductivity, pH, and temperature throughout the lake depth, as well as ice thickness and water depth. Water samples were retrieved from the lakes and analyzed for Na, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, dissolved‐organic carbon, and alkalinity in the laboratory. Lake properties, rather than pumping, were the best predictors of oxygen depletion, with the highest dissolved‐oxygen levels maintained in the lake with the lowest concentration of constituents. Volume weighted mean dissolved‐oxygen concentrations ranged from 4 to 94% of saturation in March. Dissolved oxygen and specific conductance data suggested that the lakes began to refresh in May.     

电子封装行业职业有害因素的辨识与分析

从电子封装行业工艺入手,依据国家颁布的职业有害因素分类目录及职业有害因素致病模型,针对电子封装行业插入式(DIP)及表面贴装(QFP/SOIC)制造工艺使用的材料、设备、条件、人员作业特点,对行业内具有共性的职业有害因素进行分析,对工艺过程中存在的职业有害因素作出辨识,并提出把硅粉尘、铅、氩气、高温、环氧树脂、氢氧化钾、噪声、酸雾、重复性静态作业、重复性动态作业等有害因素作为防控重点,为电子封装行业职业有害因素的危害量化评价及其防控措施制定提供了科学依据。