我国典型钢铁行业主要工艺环节排放颗粒物源成分谱特征

鉴于我国钢铁行业排放颗粒物源成分谱数量不足,有待更新的现状,致力于服务精细化颗粒物源解析的需求,采用稀释通道系统对武汉市某钢铁公司的3个主要工艺环节(烧结、炼钢、炼铁)排放源进行了采样.构建了3类PM_(2.5)源成分谱及3类PM_(10)成分谱,对源谱主要化学组分特征进行了研究,并与国内其他区域已有的钢铁行业源谱研究进行了对比.结果表明:(1)烧结工艺源成分谱中,SO_4~(2-)、Al和NH_4~+等含量高,PM_(2.5)源谱中质量分数依次为22. 2%、4. 5%和3. 5%,PM_(10)源谱中依次为36. 0%、5. 2%和2. 7%,炼铁工艺Fe元素含量最高,在PM_(2.5)源谱和PM_(10)源谱中分别达到28. 3%和24. 5%,炼钢工艺源谱Ca、Fe元素等为主要组分;(2)元素组分中,烧结工艺S元素含量最高,地壳元素在PM_(10)源谱中含量更高,炼铁工艺Pb、Cr等重金属含量偏高,炼钢工艺Cr富集;(3)源谱之间分歧系数的计算显示,同类工艺粗细粒径源谱相似性偏高,烧结工艺与其他两类工艺源谱之间差异性较高,炼钢工艺与炼铁工艺差异性较低.同国内其他区域研究源谱相比,发现Fe、Si和Ca等为钢铁行业排放颗粒物中标识性组分,而碳组分和SO_4~(2-)等组分特征随生产方式、除污设备等不同表现出不同特征.     

铬盐行业清洁生产审核探讨

铬盐行业是我国重点整治的高污染行业,推行清洁生产势在必行。文章结合实例,对铬盐行业清洁生产审核进行探讨。污染负荷最高的焙烧车间是重点审核对象;评估过程产生7个中/高费方案,综合筛选出6个可行方案,已实施或正在实施的"少钙焙烧"等6个方案使企业主要污染物铬渣排放量削减达40%,焙烧窑含铬粉尘无组织排放量减少约10%,原辅料及能源消耗均有一定程度降低。对铬盐行业清洁生产审核的探讨为铬盐企业推行清洁生产提供了范例,有利于铬盐行业的可持续发展。     

Low-carbon transition of iron and steel industry in China: Carbon intensity, economic growth and policy intervention

As the biggest iron and steel producer in the world and one of the highest CO₂ emission sectors, China's iron and steel industry is undergoing a low-carbon transition accompanied by remarkable technological progress and investment adjustment, in response to the macroeconomic climate and policy intervention. Many drivers of the CO₂ emissions of the iron and steel industry have been explored, but the relationships between CO₂ abatement, investment and technological expenditure, and their connections with the economic growth and governmental policies in China, have not been conjointly and empirically examined. We proposed a concise conceptual model and an econometric model to investigate this crucial question. The results of regression, Granger causality test and impulse response analysis indicated that technological expenditure can significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, and that investment expansion showed a negative impact on CO₂ emission reduction. It was also argued with empirical evidence that a good economic situation favored CO₂ abatement in China's iron and steel industry, while achieving CO₂ emission reduction in this industrial sector did not necessarily threaten economic growth. This shed light on the dispute over balancing emission cutting and economic growth. Regarding the policy aspects, the year 2000 was found to be an important turning point for policy evolution and the development of the iron and steel industry in China. The subsequent command and control policies had a significant, positive effect on CO₂ abatement.     

浙江发酵制药大气污染物排放标准制订研究

该研究分析了浙江省发酵制药行业主要大气污染物的排放状况,识别出了发酵制药行业使用的主要有机溶剂,其中丙酮、乙酸乙酯、甲醇和乙醇是该行业使用频率最高的4种有机溶剂,并得到了行业的挥发性有机污染物的成分谱。评估了发酵制药企业大气污染防治现状,并对行业大气污染防治以及环境管理等方面存在的问题进行了深入剖析。最后从发酵制药企业内部污染防治、完善行业环境监管的角度提出了发酵制药行业污染防治的基本对策和制订地方发酵制药行业大气污染物排放标准的基本思路。     

江门市人为源挥发性有机物排放清单

将江门市人为源挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放分为工业源、移动源、生活源和农业源四大类,以2014年为基准年,根据江门市的统计数据和实地调研结果,采用"自上而下"和"自下而上"结合的排放因子法建立了江门市人为源VOCs排放清单.结果显示江门市2014年人为源VOCs排放总量约为75.09 kt,工业源、移动源、农业源和生活源VOCs排放量为41.37、19.16、11.07和3.50 kt,占比分别为55.09%、25.51%、14.74%和4.65%.工业源中摩托车制造、集装箱制造、涂料、油墨、颜料及类似产品制造、印刷及包装印刷、塑料及橡胶制品、人造革制造、皮革鞣制加工、化石燃料燃烧、基础化学原料制造、电子制造、胶黏剂制造、家具制造等行业的VOCs排放量均超过1 000 t,为江门市重点VOCs排放行业.江门市蓬江区、江海区、鹤山市这3地以工业源排放为主,占比均超过50%,而恩平市、台山市等地则以农业源排放为主.各区和县级市在进行VOCs减排政策制定时要针对本土化的VOCs清单特征,进行精细化管控,才能取得较好减排效果.     

煤矿企业安全监管的反联盟博弈分析

在构建包含煤矿企业各利益相关者的安全博弈关系模型的基础上,重点探讨中央政府、地方政府、煤矿企业之间的博弈及其利益的得失,进而分析危机和矿难形成的原因和机理。研究表明:地方政府与煤矿企业之间具有共同的利益,联盟动力很强,二者的联盟是煤矿企业安全事故频发的主要原因;打破地方政府与煤矿企业之间联盟的根本是降低二者选择联盟策略的收益,压缩其博弈空间。     

Fenton氧化去除制药企业活性污泥中AOX的效果研究

用Fenton氧化处理合成制药企业活性污泥混合液,考察了不同Fe~(2+)、H_2O_2投加量和不同反应时间下污泥与上清液中AOX(可吸附有机卤代物)的去除效果,优化了反应条件,探讨了氧化机制.结果表明,Fenton氧化的最佳条件为H_2O_2投加量0.90 mol·L~(-1),Fe~(2+)投加量0.045 mol·L~(-1)[物质的量比为:n(Fe~(2+))∶n(H_2O_2)=1∶20],反应2 h,污泥和上清液中AOX可分别去除70.7%和78.5%.GC-MS分析结果显示,污泥中含有11种有机卤代物,Fenton氧化后有8种不再检出;3种仍有检出,但浓度有所降低,去除率约为40%~50%.与此同时,污泥中对二甲苯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯等非有机卤代物类有毒有害有机物也得到有效去除.     

制氧企业安全评价方法探讨

本文针对制氧行业的生产特点以及安全管理情况,对作业过程中存在的危险、有害因素进行了分析,综合运用安全检查表法(SCL)与故障模式、影响及危险度分析法(FMECA)对制氧企业安全现状进行了评价,并提出了相应的对策措施.结果表明:安全检查表法简便、易于掌握、较为实用;故障模式、影响及危险度分析法对评价人员的要求较高,但可得...     

The potential for improvements in energy efficiency and CO2 emissions in the EU27 cement industry and the relationship with the capital budgeting decision criteria

This paper performs a cost-effectiveness analysis of some of the best available technologies (BAT) that can contribute to decreasing the energy consumption and CO₂ emissions in the European Union’s (EU27) cement industry. Several capital budgeting decision criteria have been used (the payback period, the net present value and the internal rate of return) to study whether or not an investment should be considered worthwhile. The results show that, independent of the capital budgeting decision criteria used, the number of cost-effective retrofitting possibilities available is large compared to the rate of improvements that the industry undertakes annually. This shows the insensitivity of the industry to financial criteria when it comes to making their investment decisions. The possible thermal energy improvement in the clinker production, if all these BATs were implemented, has been quantified to be around 10%. This achievement would place the cement industry in the upper bound of the benchmark range for clinker manufacture. However considering the delays observed nowadays in terms of diffusion of BATs in the cement industry, it requires a conducive policy environment that combines support for both technology development and to their deployment.     

石油化工行业特征挥发性有机物主要成分研究

2014年青奥会期间,南京市采用苏玛罐采样和GC-MS分析的方法对2家石油化工企业部分典型工艺的特征挥发性有机物进行监测分析.结果表明:石油化工行业挥发性有机物主要组分为烷烃、苯系物、含氧有机物、卤代烃和烯烃;主要特征污染物包括异丁烷、正戊烷、正丁烷、正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲醇、乙醛、丙酮、二氯乙烷、三氯苯等.对石油化工行业挥发性有机物主要成分分析,为“十三五”开展的石油化工行业自行监测和环境管理提供了基础资料.