A comparative analysis of process safety management (PSM) systems in the process industry

The root cause of most accidents in the process industry has been attributed to process safety issues ranging from poor safety culture, lack of communication, asset integrity issues, lack of management leadership and human factors. These accidents could have been prevented with adequate implementation of a robust process safety management (PSM) system. Therefore, the aim of this research is to develop a comparative framework which could aid in selecting an appropriate and suitable PSM system for specific industry sectors within the process industry. A total of 21 PSM systems are selected for this study and their theoretical frameworks, industry of application and deficiencies are explored. Next, a comparative framework is developed using eleven key factors that are applicable to the process industry such as framework and room for continuous improvement, design specification, industry adaptability and applicability, human factors, scope of application, usability in complex systems, safety culture, primary or secondary mode of application, regulatory enforcement, competency level, as well as inductive or deductive approach. After conducting the comparative analysis using these factors, the Integrated Process Safety Management System (IPSMS) model seems to be the most robust PSM system as it addressed almost every key area regarding process safety. However, inferences drawn from study findings suggest that there is still no one-size-fits-all PSM system for all sectors of the process industry.     

试述我国草业的现况与前景

本文阐述了我国草业科学研究与草业产业的现状,发展草业具有良好的经济、环境、社会效益,是实施西部大开发战略,改善自然与人类居住生态环境,促进畜牧业良性循环,实现西部农民小康目标的一条必由之路,更是国家生态安全的一项救国之策。草业科学研究与草业产业化发展将成为我国一个新的经济增长点。     

Chemical industry wastewater treatment

Treatment of chemical industrial wastewater from building and construction chemicals factory and plastic shoes manufacturing factory was investigated. The two factories discharge their wastewater into the public sewerage network. The results showed the wastewater discharged from the building and construction chemicals factory was highly contaminated with organic compounds. The average values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were 2912 and 150 mgO₂/l. Phenol concentration up to 0.3 mg/l was detected. Chemical treatment using lime aided with ferric chloride proved to be effective and produced an effluent characteristics in compliance with Egyptian permissible limits. With respect to the other factory, industrial wastewater was mixed with domestic wastewater in order to lower the organic load. The COD, BOD values after mixing reached 5239 and 2615 mgO₂/l. The average concentration of phenol was 0.5 mg/l. Biological treatment using activated sludge or rotating biological contactor (RBC) proved to be an effective treatment system in terms of producing an effluent characteristic within the permissible limits set by the law. Therefore, the characteristics of chemical industrial wastewater determine which treatment system to utilize. Based on laboratory results engineering design of each treatment system was developed and cost estimate prepared.     

企业环境行为:环境政策研究的微观视角

企业环境行为是是企业面对来自政府、公众、市场等方面的压力．而采取的宏观战略和制度变革、内部具体生产的调整等措施和手段．是环境政策效果的具体体现。政府、公众和市场压力在不同阶段发挥着不同的作用。在工业绿色化的初级阶段以政府压力为主。随着公众和企业更多地参与到环保行动中来．来自市场及社区的压力逐渐成为企业环境行为的主导驱动力量。我国正处于工业化加速阶段．环境问题突出．必须积极开展对企业环境行为的研究，探求环境压力与企业环境行为转变的内在关系．找到促进企业改善环境行为和表现的最优方式，为我国环境政策的制定提供决策支持。     

基于价值工程思想的长三角地区城市群物流产业发展决策分析

现代物流产业是当前长江三角洲地区城市群重点发展的产业。运用SWOT分析方法对目前长三角地区城市群发展现代物流产业所具有的优势、劣势和面临的机遇、挑战进行了综合分析。从产业效益和社会效益两方面提出了基于价值工程思想的长三角地区城市群物流产业发展的决策方法。建立了一种基于价值工程思想的有资源约束的产业发展决策模型，并给出了应用实例。基于SWOT分析结论和价值工程的社会效益决策方法提出了长三角地区城市群现代物流产业发展的策略。     

传统产业生态化模式研究及应用

论述了产业生态化的内涵及其国内外研究现状。依据产业经济、环境和社会效益最大化的目标。提出了实现传统产业生态化转型的理论模式。在此基础上以江苏省造纸业为例。提出了实现江苏省造纸业生态化的具体模式。     

关于中国农村剩余劳动力数量的估计

本文结合中国农业生产实际，运用农业技术需求法估算了相关年份第一产业劳动力投入量，在此基础上结合第5次人口普查和第一次农业普查资料，估算了中国农村劳动力二、三产业就业量及剩余劳动力数量，并据此提出了相关政策建议。     

天然气工业的环境问题及对策

本文全面地回顾了“七·五”期间四川天然气工业所面临的环境问题,还分析了产生这些问题的原因,并介绍了在治理污染中所取得的进展。为解决目前存在的环境问题,文是提出了各种对策。     

中国钢铁工业职业卫生40年回顾和今后展望

通过对中国钢铁工业职业卫生四十年的回顾,笔者认为:钢铁工业卫生管理体制已基本形成,但管理水平急需提高;主要的传统职业危害有所抑制,而今后任务仍十分艰巨;随着钢铁工业生产技术的发展广大职工又面临新的职业危害的挑战。本文最后对90年代钢铁工业职业卫生的形势进行了展望,提出了新的对策。在执行「八五」职业卫生规划的基础上,还需加强职业互生服务机构,扩大服务覆盖面,提高专业素质、开展普及教育、加强专业队伍的自身建设,这些任务是实现十年战略目标的重要保证。     

中国电力行业可持续发展研究

能源问题是可持续发展研究中的重点之一.目前电力是应用最广泛、最方便、最清洁的一种二次能源.在分析中国电力行业的发展概况,对未来电力需求作出预测,并总结了目前中国电力行业的供给情况,提出当前电力行业存在的结构不合理、产能过剩、电网建设滞后等问题;并以此为基础,从提高经济与环境协同度的角度出发,针对电力行业的结构调整提出发展水电核电的建议,最后探讨了在电力行业中发展清洁生产和循环经济,旨在对中国电力行业的可持续发展作出初步研究.