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541.
通过文献查询及现场调研,对清河流域屠宰行业产生污水的各指标浓度(BOD5、COD、NH3-N)进行统计,得出排放污水中各污染物指标的浓度值范围。通过OPMSE的仿真计算,得出排放污水经过BAT处理后,污染物浓度正态分布均值在90%、95%、99%置信水平下的置信区间。在置信水平为99%时,屠宰行业的COD置信区间为(43.31,52.86),BOD5置信区间为(20.83,23.78),NH3-N置信区间为(6.83,8.13)。同时,依据仿真计算结果还得出,处理后污染物浓度的极小值和极大值,屠宰行业的最佳出水各指标浓度为ρ(COD)为17.34 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)为14.18 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)为3.09 mg/L,最差出水各指标浓度为ρ(COD)为97.32 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)为39.66 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)为13.29 mg/L。将仿真结果与现有排放标准对比,拟定屠宰行业的污染物直接排放限值为ρ(COD)为60 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)为25 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)为10 mg/L。 相似文献
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随着污染减排工作的持续推进,经济和环境容量问题的行业基础统计数据变的越来越重要.以“十二五”污染减排核算细则中纺织业、污水处理厂全口径核算为依据,以泉州石狮市纺织业产品产量、废水排放量、区域GDP数据为基础,分析纺织业产品产量与污染物排放量之间的关系,从国家政策、各级行政统计部门、环保统计部门和企业四个不同的角度提出在统计行业产业基础数据时应注意的事项,为污染减排、环境统计和经济协调发展提供指导依据. 相似文献
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土壤重金属污染评价对于环境保护策略的制定和民众健康的防护具有重要意义。应用熵权、毒性系数和模糊数学构建了熵权模糊法评价模型,并以陕西省彬长煤化工业区为例,对其土壤重金属富集特征和潜在生态风险进行了评估。结果表明,土壤Cd、Co和Pb质量比较高,空间差异明显,建矿时间较长的工业园区土壤重金属潜在生态风险水平较高。熵权评价显示Cd为主要污染因子(权重为0.566)。模糊综合评价显示,研究区55.7%的样点为轻度污染,24.3%的样点为中度污染,无重污染和严重污染隶属样点。研究区污染程度有由轻度污染向中度污染过度的趋势。与传统污染评价指数相比,熵权法和模糊数学模型的联合应用有助于提高风险评价的准确性。 相似文献
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针对化学协同生物除磷过程,研究了序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)中FeSO_4对悬浮相活性污泥脱氢酶活性(DHA)、胞外聚合物(EPS)及系统处理效果的影响.结果表明,少量FeSO_4对DHA和EPS的分泌具有促进作用,但最佳投加量不一致,分别为0.10 mmol·L-1和0.20 mmol·L-1;大量的FeSO_4则会引发抑制.FeSO_4投加量少于0.30 mmol·L-1时会使污泥MLVSS、MLVSS/MLSS增加,超过0.30 mmol·L-1时则使MLVSS、MLVSS/MLSS下降,但MLSS和SVI随着FeSO_4投加量的增加分别持续增加和下降.FeSO_4对COD和TN的去除具有抑制作用,但并不显著,去除率分别在77%和72%左右;TP的去除效果明显改善,在投加量为0.30 mmol·L-1时效果最好.投加FeSO_4协同生物除磷时建议最佳投加量为0.30 mmol·L-1,此时污泥DHA被轻微抑制,但污泥浓度、EPS、TP去除率均已达到最大,出水水质满足一级A排放标准. 相似文献
548.
Antipoaching standards in onshore hydrocarbon concessions drawn from a Central African case study
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Hadrien P.A. Vanthomme Elie Tobi Angelique F. Todd Lisa Korte Alfonso Alonso 《Conservation biology》2017,31(3):696-706
Unsustainable hunting outside protected areas is threatening tropical biodiversity worldwide and requires conservationists to engage increasingly in antipoaching activities. Following the example of ecocertified logging companies, we argue that other extractive industries managing large concessions should engage in antipoaching activities as part of their environmental management plans. Onshore hydrocarbon concessions should also adopt antipoaching protocols as a standard because they represent a biodiversity threat comparable to logging. We examined the spatiotemporal patterns of small‐ and large‐mammal poaching in an onshore oil concession in Gabon, Central Africa, with a Bayesian occupancy model based on signs of poaching collected from 2010 to 2015 on antipoaching patrols. Patrol locations were initially determined based on local intelligence and past patrol successes (adaptive management) and subsequently with a systematic sampling of the concession. We generated maps of poaching probability in the concession and determined the temporal trends of this threat over 5 years. The spatiotemporal patterns of large‐ and small‐mammal poaching differed throughout the concession, and likely these groups will need different management strategies. By elucidating the relationship between site‐specific sampling effort and detection probability, the Bayesian method allowed us to set goals for future antipoaching patrols. Our results indicate that a combination of systematic sampling and adaptive management data is necessary to infer spatiotemporal patterns with the statistical method we used. On the basis of our case study, we recommend hydrocarbon companies interested in implementing efficient antipoaching activities in their onshore concessions to lay the foundation of long‐needed industry standards by: adequately measuring antipoaching effort; mixing adaptive management and balanced sampling; setting goals for antipoaching effort; pairing patrols with large‐mammal monitoring; supporting antipoaching patrols across the landscape; restricting access to their concessions; performing random searches for bushmeat and mammal products at points of entry; controlling urban and agricultural expansion; supporting bushmeat alternatives; and supporting land‐use planning. 相似文献
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Cinema offers a substantial opportunity to share messages with a wide audience. However, there is little research or evidence about the potential benefits and risks of cinema for conservation. Given their global reach, cinematic representations could be important in raising awareness of conservation issues and species of concern, as well as encouraging greater audience engagement due to their heightened emotional impact on viewers. Yet there are also risks associated with increased exposure, including heightened visitor pressure to environmentally sensitive areas or changes to consumer demand for endangered species. Conservationists can better understand and engage with the film industry by studying the impact of movies on audience awareness and behavior, identifying measurable impacts on conservation outcomes, and engaging directly with the movie industry, for example, in an advisory capacity. This improved understanding and engagement can harness the industry's potential to enhance the positive impacts of movies featuring species, sites, and issues of conservation concern and to mitigate any negative effects. A robust evidence base for evaluating and planning these engagements, and for informing related policy and management decisions, needs to be built. 相似文献
550.
With the development of increasingly complex processes and technologies in chemical and manufacturing industries, Process Safety Management (PSM) has been globally recognized as the primary tool for operating companies to reduce process accidents on their industrial sites and the risks posed to their employees and surrounding communities. Yet, industrial facilities are often interdependent and collocated with others. Recognizing this, regional authorities are also applying PSM principles to reduce the cumulative incidents associated with high density industrial areas and the multiplicative risks posed to broader communities. This paper compares Strathcona County Emergency Service (SCES) in Alberta, Contra Costa County Health Service Hazard Material Programs (CCCHSHMP) in California, and Technical Standards & Safety Authority (TSSA) in Ontario and their PSM systems to provide practical recommendations to improve SCES's system. Four aspects of PSM are considered: regulation and guidance, auditing and inspection, annual performance indicators, and public participation. Based on the results of this comparison, we recommend that SCES develop comprehensive PSM regulations based on CSA Z767-17 PSM including clear instructions for assessing technologies and methodologies for consequence analysis. Both worst-case scenarios and alternative scenarios need to be considered as well as the domino effect of primary accidents. Furthermore, regular audits and inspections will ensure compliance with PSM regulations while helping the design of planning, performing, and following-up strategies to ensure effectiveness. In addition, we suggest the use of lagging and leading performance indicators to evaluate the performance of the PSM program. Finally, we recommend using advisory councils or commissions to increase public participation and ensure the representation of stakeholders' perspectives with the PSM system. 相似文献