ACF负载复合金属氧化物催化还原NO的研究

为了研究活性碳纤维（ACF）负载复合金属氧化物催化还原NO的效果,采用浸渍法制备了系列负载氧化铈和氧化铜的ACF,在微型反应器中进行程序升温反应,通过正交试验,确定催化反应的最佳条件,考察了反应温度和复合金属氧化物的不同含量对催化活性的影响,并与ACF负载单金属氧化物作了比较,同时对催化剂进行了扫描电镜和傅里叶红外光谱分析实验。实验结果表明,在氨氮比是1.1∶1,氧气体积比为5%,体积流速为4 000 h^-1的条件下,负载复合金属氧化物的ACF低温活性相差很大,随着温度的升高,催化效率持续提高。当氧化铈与氧化铜的含量分别为10%和30%,在120～300℃区域内去除率维持80%以上,是低温催化中理想的催化剂。     

微生物制剂与玄武岩纤维联用处理城市废水

为了探索一种新型的去除水体中有机物的工艺,以模拟城市废水为研究对象,研究不同工况条件下,复合微生物制剂、组合双环玄武岩纤维填料以及复合微生物制剂与组合双环玄武岩纤维填料结合对模拟城市废水中COD的去除情况。实验结果表明,复合微生物制剂与组合双环玄武岩纤维填料结合在曝气的情况下对COD的去除能力较高。在复合微生物制剂与组合双环玄武岩纤维填料结合的条件下,对COD浓度为500 mg/L左右的模拟城市废水的去除效率可达 97.22%;影响模拟城市废水中COD去除效果的各因素的主次顺序依次为反应时间>曝气时间>投加量=pH;得出最佳工况参数是:复合微生物制剂的投加量为0.05 g/L,曝气时间为72 h,反应时间为96 h,pH为7。     

Fibre reinforced polymers in the sports industry – Life Cycle Engineering methodology applied to a snowboard using anisotropic layer design

Technological development has had huge impacts in sports performance throughout the years, fostering the development of specific materials and manufacturing processes for sports-related products. Within this context, a new technology for snowboards was developed taking advantage of the internal coupling effects of Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRP) using an anisotropic layer design. This work deals with the technical, economic and environmental evaluation of a snowboard made of three alternative materials, namely carbon, glass and flax fibre reinforced plastics. It shows how a life cycle analysis can support the design and development of products by applying a Life Cycle Engineering methodology to the design process of a snowboard using an innovative technology. In this case, both the material choice and the fiber placement angles have a significant impact on the stiffness of the resulting FRP and thus in the three dimensions of analysis - cost, environmental and technical. The natural fiber is the most sustainable option environmentally, the glass fiber is the best one economically and the carbon fibre is the best in terms of technical performance. Therefore, the importance attributed to each dimension of analysis is pondered and traded-off to allow an aggregated analysis of the alternatives and a well-informed decision-making.     

基于玄武岩纤维载体的生物膜法净化污染河道水体

为考察不同水体环境状况下,所构建的基于玄武岩纤维的污染河道水体净化技术的净化效能,通过模拟不同p H、温度及DO的污染河道水体环境,研究了水体中的COD、氨氮及TP指标变化规律,得到所构建的净化技术对COD、氨氮及TP的削减速率。研究结果表明,不同温度环境下COD、氨氮及TP的净化效率会随着时间增加而增强;不同DO环境下COD、氨氮及TP的净化效率随时间增加而增强;不同p H条件下COD净化效率随着时间增加而持续增强,氨氮净化效率随时间增加至某一极值后趋于平稳,而TP的净化效率会随着时间增加表现先升高后降低的趋势。此外,实验期间不同水体环境下COD、氨氮与TP皆在温度20~25℃,p H为7,DO为2~4 mg/L时分别获得93%、90%和36%的最大净化效率;根据实验结果得出的最适宜水体环境为温度20~25℃,p H为7,DO为2~4 mg/L;COD、氨氮及TP削减速率分别为0.63~0.84、3.6×10-3~4.0×10-2和7.1×10-4~2.9×10-3kg/(m3·d)。     

阴极氧还原产电生物可渗透反应栅的研究Ⅰ.不锈钢毛电极模拟反应器

提出利用阴极氧还原和阳极微生物产电作用的产电生物可渗透反应栅（CORE-PRB）方法用于被有机物污染的地下水的修复,并以不锈钢毛为电极建立模拟反应装置验证了CORE-PRB的技术概念。实验中考察了分别以蔗糖＋醋酸盐和不同浓度的污泥消化液为进水时的反应电流,并研究电极距离对反应电流的影响。由于氧还原阴极阳极反应能力的限制,随着与阴极室距离加大,模拟反应装置各阳极室的电流迅速减小。有机基质的可生化性对模拟反应器的总电流也有显著影响。     

氮改性活性碳纤维的脱硫作用

为了提高活性碳纤维的脱硫性能,使用三聚氰胺、氯化铵、尿素作为改性剂对活性碳纤维进行改性,得到一系列含氮活性碳纤维(N-ACFs).通过XPS研究了改性活性碳纤维的表面化学结构的变化,并测定了其脱硫性能.实验发现:三聚氰胺改性ACF的最大累积硫容为38.26 mg/g,氯化铵改性ACF的最大累积硫容33.69 mg/g,...     

UASB-SBR处理涤纶短纤维废水的实验研究

分别采用水解酸化与好氧（SBR）、厌氧（UASB）与好氧（SBR）工艺对涤纶短纤维废水的生物降解性能进行研究。水解酸化与好氧工艺在进水COD为1 900 mg/L的时候,去除率在80%左右。采用UASB-SBR工艺,进水COD为2700 mg/L时,COD去除率可以达到96%,出水COD〈100 mg/L。实验研究表明,涤纶短纤维废水更适合采用UASB-SBR工艺来处理,并且能够取得较好的效果。     

Biodegradation of Chitosan-Gellan and Poly(L-lysine)-Gellan Polyion Complex Fibers by Pure Cultures of Soil Filamentous Fungi

The degradation of two kinds of polyion complex (PIC) fibers, chitosan-gellan (CGF), and poly(L-lysine)-gellan (LGF) fibers, by seven species of soil filamentous fungi has been investigated. All of the pure-line soil filamentous fungi, Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium caseicolum, P. citrinum, Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., Curvularia sp., and Cladosporium sp. grew on the two fiber materials. Microscopic observation of the biodegradation processes revealed that P. caseicolum on the CGF and LGF grew, along with the accompanying collapse of the fiber matrices. In the biochemical oxygen-demand (BOD) test, the biodegradation of the LGF by P. caseicolum and Curvularia sp. exceeded 97% carbon dioxide generation and the biodegradation of the CGF by A. oryzae was 59%. These results might offer some clues to the applications of the PIC fibers as environmentally biodegradable materials.     

新型活性污泥废水处理供氧方式--中空纤维膜无泡式供氧研究进展

中空纤维膜无泡式供氧是一种新型活性污泥废水处理供氧方式,具有传氧效率高、无泡沫产生和能耗低的特点.本文对无泡式供氧的基本原理、传质过程、工艺设备、在废水生物处理中的应用、发展前景以及存在问题等方面的国内外研究概况,作一扼要的介绍.     

Reactively Compatibilized Cellulosic Polylactide Microcomposites

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) possesses a suite of favorable material properties that are enabling its penetration into diverse markets (e.g., as packaging material or textile fibers). In order to increase the range of applications for this material, it is necessary to modify its properties and for certain applications, reduce its cost. The introduction of fibers into a polymeric matrix is an established route towards property enhancement provided good dispersion and intimate interfacial adhesion can be achieved. In addition, cellulosic microfibers are obtainable at low to moderate cost. In this study, reactive compatibilization of cellulosic fibers with PLA is pursued. Hydroxyl groups available on the surface of cellulosic fibers are used to initiate lactide polymerization. Various processing strategies are investigated: (1) blending preformed PLA with the fiber material, (2) through a one-step process in which lactide is polymerized in the presence of the fibers alone, or (3) reactive compatibilization in the presence of preformed high molecular weight polymer. The results show that materials prepared by simultaneous introduction of lactide and preformed high molecular PLA at the beginning of the reaction possess superior mechanical properties compared to composites made by either purely mechanical mixing or solely polymerization of lactide in the presence of fibers. The modulus of materials containing 25% fibers which are prepared by reactive compatibilization of 30% preformed PLA and 70% lactide (30/70 P/L) improves by 53% compared to the homopolymer, whereas 36% reinforcement can be achieved upon purely mechanical mixing. A further increase to 35% fiber loading leads to a reduction in modulus due to an excess in initiating groups. The same trend was observed in systems containing 65% preformed PLA and 35% lactide (65/35 P/L) with an overall achievable reinforcement that was slightly lower.