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461.
An equilibrator for sampling the partial pressures of halomethanes in seawater was designed and built, incorporating semipermeable membrane tubing to carry the gas phase. The equilibrator was tested for its ability to equilibrate chloromethane, bromomethane, iodomethane, and CFC-11. The residence time required for these halomethanes to equilibrate in the tubing (30 to 60 s) was determined experimentally. In a laboratory test, concentrations calculated from equilibrator measurements and based on published solubility values were found to differ by 6% to 16% from concentrations measured with a purge-and-trap apparatus, but uncertainties in the solubility values are likely to contribute significantly to the differences. In a comparison at sea, no significant difference was found between the semipermeable membrane equilibrator and another, more conventional equilibrator, except a 1.3% difference for CFC-11. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using semipermeable membranes in this and related applications. 相似文献
462.
463.
McCarthy K 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,118(1-3):293-318
Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed at eight sites within the Buffalo Slough, near Portland, Oregon, to (1)
measure the spatial and seasonal distribution of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and organochlorine (OC) compounds
in the slough, (2) assess the usefulness of SPMDs as a tool for investigating and monitoring hydrophobic compounds throughout
the Columbia Slough system, and (3) evaluate the utility of SPMDs as a tool for measuring the long-term effects of watershed
improvement activities. Data from the SPMDs revealed clear spatial and seasonal differences in water quality within the slough
and indicate that for hydrophobic compounds, this time-integrated passive-sampling technique is a useful tool for long-term
watershed monitoring. In addition, the data suggest that a spiking rate of 2–5 μg/SPMD of permeability/performance reference compounds, including at least one compound that is not susceptible to photodegradation,
may be optimum for the conditions encountered here. 相似文献
464.
介绍了覆膜滤料的特性与应用,覆膜滤料与传统滤料相比较所具有的优点.提出在许多复杂的烟气治理中应大力推广使用覆膜滤料以满足生产要求和达到日益严格的环保排放标准,从而改善环境质量,节能降耗. 相似文献
465.
466.
渗透汽化复合膜分离废水中的低浓度甲醇 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
采用两种商品化渗透汽化复合膜--GKSS-GS膜和PDMS-P膜分离模拟低浓度甲醇废水,考察了操作温度、甲醇质量分数、废水流量对膜渗透汽化性能的影响.实验结果表明:随温度升高、废水中甲醇质量分数的增大,两种膜的渗透通量都呈增加趋势;GKSS-GS膜的分离系数变化较明显,而PDMS-P膜的分离系数变化较小;废水流量对渗透通量和分离系数的影响均较小.在最佳条件下,GKSS-GS膜的渗透通量为914.6 g/(m~2·h),分离系数为5.6;PDMS-P膜的渗透通量为1 887.2 g/(m~2·h),分离系数为4.8. 相似文献
467.
TiO_2/GeO_2复合膜光催化氧化处理活性蓝染料废水 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
自制了一种新的TiO_2/GeO_2复合膜光催化氧化反应器,研究了该反应器对经臭氧氧化处理后的活性蓝染料废水的光催化氧化降解过程.在过氧化氢加入量为400 mg/L、光照120 min的条件下,COD去除率可达92.5%,处理后废水COD为39.4 mg/L,达到GB8978-1996<污水综合排放标准>. 相似文献
468.
469.
Urtzi Izagirre 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(5):1544-1553
Lysosomal responses (enlargement and membrane destabilisation) in mussel digestive cells are well-known environmental stress biomarkers in pollution effects monitoring in marine ecosystems. Presently, in laboratory and field studies, both responses were measured separately (in terms of lysosomal volume density - Vv - and labilisation period -LP) and combined (lysosomal response index - LRI) in order to contribute to their understanding and to develop an index useful for decisions makers. LRI integrates Vv and LP, which are not necessarily dependent lysosomal responses. It is unbiased and more sensitive than Vv and LP alone and diminishes background due to confounding factors. LRI provides a simple numerical index (consensus reference = 0; critical threshold = 1) directly related to the pollution impact degree. Moreover, LRI can be represented in a way that allows the interpretation of lysosomal responses, which is useful for environmental scientists. 相似文献
470.