有机硅生产废水的处理及膜污染控制

采用三级过滤—反渗透膜脱盐—多效蒸发联合工艺处理有机硅生产废水,并对反渗透膜的污染控制进行了研究。实验结果表明:高压膜脱盐率为96%左右,低压膜脱盐率为95%左右;膜系统COD去除率基本上稳定在98.25%,出水COD稳定在60 mg/L以下。针对膜污染问题,采用在线冲洗与不定期清洗相结合,有效改善了反渗透膜的污染状况,延长了膜的使用寿命。     

玻璃纤维编织管动态膜生物反应器处理沼渣废液

一种新型的玻璃纤维编织管动态膜生物反应器应用于高黏度、高氨氮和高COD的沼渣废液的处理。该玻璃纤维编织管经过了固化和覆膜的组合改性,膜组件采用平板化的栅式构型。研究表明:组合改性方式分别为1∶4+1∶50和1∶2+1∶50时的膜组件的稳定通量分别为5.45 L/(m2.h)和6.50 L/(m2.h);同时膜组件的清洗效果良好,再次运行仍能够稳定,通量为5.35 L/(m2.h)。而且出水比较澄清,没有臭味,养分也得到了有效保留。此外,改性后的玻纤编织管估算价格约为93.2元/m2,低于传统有机膜。     

膜-生物反应器中荧光物质对膜污染的影响

采用三维荧光(EEM)技术对膜-生物反应器(MBR)运行过程中进出水、膜面溶解性污染物、溶解性微生物(SMP)和胞外聚合物(EPS)进行分析,并对各运行条件下荧光强度与膜污染速率进行比较.结果表明:各工况膜污染顺序为工况1(0.55 kPa/d)<工况3(1.37 kPa/d)<工况2(1.71 kPa/d)<工况4(3.69 kPa/d),SMP中的类蛋白质和类富里酸,以及EPS中的类蛋白质和类腐殖酸,均与各工况膜污染速率呈一致的变化趋势,而膜面溶解性污染物中的类蛋白质荧光峰则与膜污染速率没有明显的关系,说明在膜表面积累的荧光物质可能与其他有机物共同作用影响了膜污染速率.      

出水水头对自生生物动态膜过滤性能的影响

增加出水水头不利于自生生物动态膜(SFDM)的恢复.随着恢复期出水水头的增加,SFDM的稳定出水通量逐渐达到一个极限通量,约为35L·(m²·h)^-1.继续增大出水水头,稳定出水通量甚至有降低的趋势在相同的出水通量下,动态膜的稳定运行时间随着恢复期出水水头的增加而显著降低.当恢复期出水水头为0.5cm时,稳定运行的时间＞10d,当恢复期出水水头为10cm时,稳定运行时间＜5h.研究了产生上述现象的原因,并提出使每个过滤周期从出水水头为0处开始的操作策略.     

复极性固定床电解反应器对活性染料的降解

本文用复极性固定床电解反应器对１６种活性染料的脱色降解进行了试验研究。结果表明：染料脱色率在９９．６％以上,出水上清液ＣＯＤ去除率绝大部分在９０％以上,对活性翠蓝ＫＮ－Ｇ和活性深蓝ＫＭ－ＧＲ的铜去除率分别为９７．０％和９９．７％。     

乳状液膜法处理含柠檬酸工业废水的研究

本文研究了以LMA-1为表面活性剂,正三辛胺为流动载体,Na_2CO_3溶液为内相试剂.煤油为膜溶剂所组成的液膜体系处理柠檬酸废水,考察了搅拌速度、表面活性剂种类和用量.载体用量、乳水比、油内比对废水中COD去除率的影响,结果表明:当LMA-1为3g·100ml~(-1)煤油,R_(?)=1:10,R_(?)=1:1.搅拌速度为300r·min~(-1)时.废水中COD的去除率可达99%.     

SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE DEVICES USED TO ESTIMATE BIOCONCENTRATION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS1

ABSTRACT: Aquatic organisms passively accumulate hydrophobic organic compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, even when ambient water concentrations of the contaminant are below analytical detection limits. However, contaminant concentrations in tissue samples are subject to an inherently high level of variability due to differences in species, life stage, and gender bioconcentration potentials. Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were used to sample Aroclor 1254, a mixture of readily bioconcentrated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in a contaminated wetland near Flat Top, WV. The devices consisted of triolein, a lipid found in fish, enclosed in a polyethylene membrane. SPMDs were deployed in the water column and in direct contact with wetland sediments along a previously identified concentration gradient of PCBs. The devices were retrieved after a 25-day exposure period. Analytes were recovered by dialyzing the devices in nanograde hexane. Hexane dialysates were condensed and analyzed by gas chromatography. All deployed devices sequestered quantifiable amounts of Aroclor 1254. Water-column SPMDs accumulated PCBs far in excess of ambient water concentrations. The devices contacting sediments accumulated PCBs at all sites, though accumulated concentrations did not exceed concentrations in sediment. Patterns of PCB concentration in the devices corresponded to the identified gradient at the site. Results from the water-column SPMDs were used to estimate the concentration of the dissolved, bioavailable fraction of PCBs present in the water column. These concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.09 μg/L of bioavailable Aroclor 1254.     

厌氧膜生物反应器处理高浓度食品废水的应用

采用由完全混合的厌氧生物反应器和板杠式超滤膜组成的膜生物反应器对高浓度食品放心水进行处理,考察了厌氧膜生物反应器的处理效果及其对负荷、水力停留时间等的稳定性,膜组件装填面积为０．６４ｍ＾２,膜材质为聚醚砚（ＰＥＳ）,膜截贸分子量为２００００。结果表明：ＣＯＤ负荷在２～３ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）时,膜出水ＣＯＤ去除率可达８０％～９０％,当ＣＯＤ负荷超过４．５ｋｇ（ｍ＾３．ｄ）时,混合液ＶＦＡ出现积累,Ｃ     

错流膜生物反应器水力清洗特性研究

采用外压管式聚砜－聚丙烯腈共混超滤膜进行错流膜生物反应器水力清洗特性研究,结果表明,清洗时采用高膜面流速、低操作压力和限制透过液对流传递作用有利于错流膜生物反应器通量的恢复,这符合膜藏去除过程中的传质机理;适宜的膜面流速应稍大于临界流速ｖｋ＝１．９２ｍ／ｓ,清洗时间应控制在１０ｍｉｎ,适宜的清洗操作压力为０．０７ＭＰａ。     

Salinity exchange between seawater/brackish water and domestic wastewater through electrodialysis for potable water

● Present a general concept called “salinity exchange”. ● Salts transferred from seawater to treated wastewater until completely switch. ● Process demonstrated using a laboratory-scale electrodialysis system. ● High-quality desalinated water obtained at ~1 mL/min consuming < 1 kWh/m ³ energy. Two-thirds of the world’s population has limited access to potable water. As we continue to use up our freshwater resources, new and improved techniques for potable water production are warranted. Here, we present a general concept called “salinity exchange” that transfers salts from seawater or brackish water to treated wastewater until their salinity values approximately switch, thus producing wastewater with an increased salinity for discharge and desalinated seawater as the potable water source. We have demonstrated this process using electrodialysis. Salinity exchange has been successfully achieved between influents of different salinities under various operating conditions. Laboratory-scale salinity exchange electrodialysis (SEE) systems can produce high-quality desalinated water at ~1 mL/min with an energy consumption less than 1 kWh/m³. SEE has also been operated using real water, and the challenges of its implementation at a larger scale are evaluated.