电氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的试验研究

垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液是垃圾渗滤液经生物降解后再经RO或NF膜截留的残余液,可生化性差、含盐量高、处理困难。本文采用电氧化法处理纳滤浓缩液,试验结果表明:电氧化法在纳滤浓缩液的处理上具有优势。在反应时间6h,对纳滤浓缩液的COD,TDS,Cl~-去除率分别达到82%,12%,51%,吨水耗电45k W·h。本试验研究在处理效果、能耗等方面达到了预期效果,为电氧化技术在纳滤浓缩液处理中的实际应用取得突破。     

Positively charged microporous ceramic membrane for the removal of Titan Yellow through electrostatic adsorption

To develop a depth filter based on the electrostatic adsorption principle, positively charged microporous ceramic membrane was prepared from a diatomaceous earth ceramic membrane.The internal surface of the highly porous ceramic membrane was coated with uniformly distributed electropositive nano-Y_2O_3 coating. The dye removal performance was evaluated through pressurized filtration tests using Titan Yellow aqueous solution. It showed that positively charged microporous ceramic membrane exhibited a flow rate of 421 L/(m~2·hr) under the trans-membrane pressure of 0.03 bar. Moreover it could effectively remove Titan Yellow with feed concentration of 10 mg/L between pH 3 to 8. The removal rate increased with the enhancement of the surface charge properties with a maximum rejection of 99.6%. This study provides a new and feasible method of removing organic dyes in wastewater. It is convinced that there will be a broad market for the application of charged ceramic membrane in the field of dye removal or recovery from industry wastewater.     

Phosphorus-doped graphene supported palladium (Pd/PG) electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in PEM water electrolysis

PEM water electrolysis is one of the most efficient methods for the production of hydrogen because of produced high purity of the gases and environmentally friendly. In the present study, Phosphorus-doped Graphene (PG) was synthesized by thermal annealing of triphenylphosphine (TPP) and graphene oxide (GO). The PG supported palladium (Pd/PG) electrocatalysts were synthesized by chemical reduction method and used as the cathode for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrode. Structural properties and electrochemical performances of the synthesized Pd/PG electrocatalyst were studied by FE-SEM, EDS, ICP, FT-IR, XRD, and Cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods, respectively. The membrane electrode assemblies (MEA’s) were fabricated using Pd/PG as cathode for HER electrode and RuO₂ as anode for OER electrode. Also, their electrochemical performances along with the corresponding hydrogen yields were evaluated in single cell PEM water electrolyzer at various experimental conditions such as different current densities from 0.1 to 2.0 A cm^?2 and temperatures (28–80°C). The synthesized Pd/PG electrocatalyst was observed a current density of 1 A cm^?2 with 1.95 V at 80°C. Further, long-term stability studies were carried out continuously up to 2000 h which showed a reasonable stability. Hence, the synthesized Pd/PG can be used as an alternative to Pt-based electrocatalysts for the HER in PEM water electrolysis.     

Evaluation and in situ assessment of photodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices deployed in ocean water

Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed in water using four different methods: a typical SPMD cage with and without a mesh cover, a bowl chamber and without any protection. In addition to routinely used performance reference compounds (PRCs), perdeuterated dibenz[a,h]anthracene was added. Due to its high sampler to water partition coefficient no measurable clearance due to diffusion was expected during the deployment period, hence any observed loss could be attributed to photodegradation. The loss of PRCs was measured and SPMD-based water concentrations determined. Results showed that a typical SPMD deployment cage covered with mesh provided the best protection from photodegradation. Samplers which had undergone the highest photodegradation underestimated PAH water concentrations by up to a factor of 5 compared to the most protected SPMDs. This study demonstrates that the potential for photodegradation needs to be addressed when samplers are deployed in water of low turbidity.     

反渗透与超滤及其在水处理中的应用

反渗透与超滤是水处理中广泛应用的膜分离技术,给水处理中反渗透应用较多,废水处理中超滤应用较广泛。     

连续微滤装置的清洗工艺

通过对国产连续微滤（CMF）装置运行以及清洗后的跨膜压差和膜通量的研究,对该装置的化学清洗工艺进行了优化。结果表明：在过滤运行20min、气一水双洗30s、大流量反冲洗25s、排污10s的运行条件下,CMF装置适宜的化学清洗周期为60d;最佳化学清洗方法是用高锰酸钾、盐酸和草酸溶液冲洗并与多段水洗工艺相结合。该工艺提高了化学清洗的效率,清洗后装置的跨膜压差最多可减少0．0150MPa。     

添加剂PEG对共混超滤膜结构和性能的影响

以不同分子量聚乙二醇 (PEG)作为PSf/A共混超滤膜的添加剂 ,测定所制备膜的水通量、截留率 .结果表明 ,膜的水通量随PEG分子量的变化呈现非线性关系 .当PEG分子量为4000时 ,水通量达到最大值115.2mL·(cm²·h)^-1,是不加PEG时的6倍 .通过超滤实验结果以及膜结构的电镜照片的观察 ,研究了PSf/A共混超滤膜体系中PEG作用的规律 .PEG分子量的增加改变了PSf/A铸膜液体系的相平衡关系 ,使铸膜液成为热力学不稳定体系 ,加速了相分离的发生 ;另外 ,PEG分子量的增加提高了铸膜液的粘度 ,引起相分离的延迟,这2种作用影响了膜的最终结构和性能.     

膜生物反应器在汽爆稻草秸秆酶解中应用研究

以汽爆稻草秸秆为原料,通过将几个酶解罐串联来提高最终还原糖浓度.考察了酶浓度,酶解单元组成以及稀释率对汽爆稻草秸秆酶解的影响.结果表明,最佳条件为:20FPU/g,酶解单元由4个酶解罐组成,稀释率为0.075/h.在此条件下,酶解时间为24h时,与传统批次酶解相比,汽爆稻草秸秆总转化率从18%～21%提高到39.5%.与只有1个酶解罐的膜反应器相比,每g底物还原糖产量从0.25g提高到0.4g,最终所得还原糖的平均浓度从4.56g/L提高到27.23g/L.     

混凝处理防止膜污染的作用与机理

通过膜过滤混凝上清液的方法 ,并比较膜进水和透过水中有机物相对分子质量分布的变化 ,探讨了混凝防止膜污染的作用和机理 .结果表明 ,相对分子质量大于 10 0 0的有机物是造成膜污染的主要因素 ,而相对分子质量小于 10 0 0的有机物对膜污染的影响较小 .尽管混凝能有效地去除相对分子质量较大的有机物 ,但混凝防止膜污染的效果与其投加量有密切的关系 .较低的混凝投加量 (2 5mg·L- 1 )防止膜污染的效果较差 ,较大的投加量 (>5 0mg·L- 1 )防止膜污染的效果较好 .UV2 54能更好地反映有机物对膜污染的影响程度 ,如何有效地去除这类有机物是防止膜污染的关键 .混凝防止膜污染的效果与去除相对分子质量大于 10 0 0的UV2 54的程度密切相关 .试验结果表明 ,混凝去除这类有机物的效果达到 5 0 %时 ,可有效地防止膜污染     

浸没式厌氧膜生物法处理垃圾渗沥液试验研究

采用浸没式厌氧膜生物反应器(SAnMBR)处理垃圾渗沥液,结果表明:在水力停留时间为1.6~4d和容积负荷为1.3~5.7kgCOD/m3.d的条件下,COD的去除率为65%~84.2%,COD的去除率随水力停留时间的延长而增加,膜良好的截留作用提高了处理效果的稳定性;甲烷产量随容积负荷的增加呈线性地增加;膜比通量衰减迅速,膜水力清洗频繁;膜清洗时间间隔随水力停留时间的减小呈线性地减小。