低浓度五氯酚对鲫鱼血液细胞毒性的体外研究

通过细胞体外毒性试验,研究了低浓度五氯酚对鲫鱼血液淋巴细胞和红细胞的毒性影响.结果表明:在2.50—1000.00μg·l-1范围内,五氯酚对鲫鱼淋巴细胞的活性没有显著效应,但在500.00和1000.00μg·l-1(高浓度组)时,对淋巴细胞膜的完整性产生显著影响,造成乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)相对释放量增加,并随五氯酚浓度的增加和暴露时间的延长而增加.低浓度五氯酚组(5.00—1000.00μg·l-1)对红细胞溶血没有显著影响,但与二苯并[a,h]蒽联合作用产生协同效应,红细胞溶血效应明显高于两种化合物单独作用,并且随浓度的增加,血色素相对释放量显著增加.另外,鲫鱼淋巴细胞膜的完整性(LDH的释放)比淋巴细胞活性和红细胞溶血对低浓度五氯酚更敏感.     

高氨氮对厌氧生物法处理城市垃圾渗沥液的影响

研究了高浓度氨氮对厌氧膜生物法处理城市垃圾渗沥液的影响。结果表明,COD去除率、沼气产量、沼气产率、辅酶F420和最大比产甲烷活性均随氨氮浓度的增加而减小;当氨氮浓度<3600mg/L时,不会对厌氧膜生物反应器的运行产生明显的影响;氨氮对厌氧污泥产甲烷活性的50%抑制浓度为4350mg/L;高浓度氨氮会造成系统VFA浓度增加;当氨氮浓度由4800mg/L降低到2000mg/L后,受重度抑制的厌氧微生物的活性可以在20d里恢复到未受抑制时的活性水平。     

中空纤维膜生物反应器处理造纸废水

膜生物反应器是将膜分离技术与生物处理工艺相结合而开发的新型系统,是近年来新发展起来的高效废水处理技术。本实验采用了中空纤维膜组件和活性污泥反应器组成的分置式膜生物反应器,研究其在造纸废水处理中的特性影响因素。     

Lipophilic organic pollutants induce changes in phospholipid and membrane protein composition leading to Vero cell morphological change

Membrane damage related to morphological change in Vero cells is a sensitive index of the composite biotoxicity of trace lipophilic chemicals. However, judging whether the morphological change in Vero cells happens and its ratio are difficult because it is not a quantitative characteristic. To find biomarkers of cell morphological change for quantitatively representing the ratio of morphological changed cell, the mechanism of cell membrane damage driven by typical lipophilic chemicals, such as trichlorophenol (TCP) and perfluorooctanesulphonate (PFOS), was explored. The ratio of morphologically changed cells generally increased with increased TCP or PFOS concentrations, and the level of four major components of phospholipids varied with concentrations of TCP or PFOS, but only the ratio of phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) decreased regularly as TCP or PFOS concentrations increased. Analysis of membrane proteins showed that the level of vimentin in normal cell membranes is high, while it decreases or vanishes after TCP exposure. These variations in phospholipid and membrane protein components may result in membrane leakage and variation in rigid structure, which leads to changes in cell morphology. Therefore, the ratio of PC/PE and amount of vimentin may be potential biomarkers for representing the ratio of morphological changed Vero cell introduced by trace lipophilic compounds, thus their composite bio-toxicity.     

Antepartum rupture of the intertwin-dividing membrane in monochorionic diamniotic twins: a case report and review of the literature

We report a case of monochorionic diamniotic twin gestation confirmed by ultrasound visualization of the thin intertwin-dividing membrane at 32 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound at 36 weeks failed to demonstrate the thin dividing membrane. The pregnancy ended a few days later with spontaneous vaginal delivery of the first twin. The second twin was in transverse lie with no membranes that could be felt around. Severe fetal heart rate deceleration developed, prompting delivery by emergency caesarean section. Cord entanglement was noted at the time of delivery, which resulted in severe perinatal morbidity of the second twin. The antepartum rupture of the dividing membrane must have happened some time between 32 and 36 weeks. The etiology for this intrauterine disruption is unknown. A review of the literature about the antepartum rupture of the intertwin-dividing membrane is described, along with its possible causes and complications. In addition, we discuss possible causes of incorrect amnionicity determination, and thus how to minimize these pitfalls. We conclude that antepartum disruption of the intertwin-dividing membrane is more common than previously thought. Moreover, prenatal ultrasonographic visualization of a dividing membrane in a diamniotic twin pregnancy does not rule out future change in this environment to a monoamniotic one, with all its perinatal morbidity and mortality complications, which result mainly from cord entanglement. This suggests a modification in the method and frequency of the prenatal fetal well-being follow-up, as well as the time and mode of delivery. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Postnatal management and long-term outcome for survivors with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Significant advances in the postnatal management of patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) have resulted in a remarkable improvement in survival rates over the past two decades. The success of current postnatal management of CDH patients has rendered fetal intervention to be limited to the most severe cases, and the role for prenatal treatment of CDH patients remains unclear. The adoption of lung-preserving strategies including high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have improved CDH outcomes especially in those patients with significant ventilatory or circulatory compromise. Survival rates of up to 90% are being reported in some high-volume centers. However, the increased survival in CDH patients has been accompanied by an increase in neurological, nutritional and musculoskeletal morbidity among the long-term survivors. This has resulted in the need to provide resources for the long-term follow-up and support of this patient population. In this article, the postnatal management strategies and primary and secondary outcomes of high-volume international pediatric surgical centers will be reviewed. Finally, the role of a multidisciplinary management team for the follow-up of long-term CDH survivors will be discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nafion膜中嵌入Fe~(2+)光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

将亚铁离子嵌入Nafion膜中利用Fe3+/Fe2+光催化降解亚甲基蓝,脱色率达90%。研究探讨了降解亚甲基蓝时H 2O2以及pH值的影响。亚甲基蓝光催化降解氧化反应符合一级动力学规律,表观速率常数为0.5689min-1。     

油田采出水膜法处理技术应用研究进展

油田采出水的处理回用是一种必然的趋势.膜法处理技术可以解决传统水处理中存在的问题,有效地去除采出水中的油类、细菌、硬度,防止油层堵塞、结垢和外排水的环境污染,对于促进油气田可持续发展、水资源再利用和环境保护具有非常重要的意义.微滤、超滤和纳滤、反渗透膜技术在油田采出水处理中已有较多的应用研究.超滤在除油和除浊方面表现出...     

操作条件对膜生物反应器运行经济性的影响

以运行费用作为膜生物反应器(MBR)运行经济性的考核指标,建立了MBR运行费用的计算模型,重点考察了膜通量、曝气强度、抽停时间、混合液悬浮固体质量浓度等操作条件对MBR运行经济性的影响.结果表明,膜通量在临界值5 L/(m2·h)时运行费用处于最低值;曝气强度过高或过低都会使系统运行费用增加,而经济曝气强度(气水比)为30:1;当抽吸时间≤12 min、停抽时间≥3 min时,运行费用变化缓慢,但抽吸时间或停抽时间超过临界值后,运行费用迅速上升;混合液悬浮固体质量浓度高于5.0 g/L时,运行费用随混合液悬浮固体质量浓度增加迅速递增.工程运行表明,运行费用模型预测值与实际值具有较好的一致性.     

基于硝酸盐液膜微电极的动态膜反硝化特性研究

制成性能良好的硝酸盐微电极与氧化还原电位(ORP)微电极,对动态膜在不同进水COD负荷下的内部反硝化过程进行研究.结果表明,动态膜中的反硝化作用出现在膜水界面0.6～1mm以下;在反硝化发生的区域,用ORP微电极测得氧化还原电位在88.6～-128.4mV之间,是反硝化发生的适宜ORP范围.当进水COD负荷为0.45 kg/(m³·d)时,动态膜的反硝化速率(以氮计)最大,可以达到0.634 7×10^-6mol/(L·s).增加进水COD负荷能够拓展动态膜内部的