Control of membrane fouling during hyperhaline municipal wastewater treatment using a pilot-scale anoxic/aerobic-membrane bioreactor system

Membrane fouling limits the effects of long-term stable operation of membrane bioreactor (MBR). Control of membrane fouling can extend the membrane life and reduce water treatment cost effectively. A pilot scale anoxic/aerobic-membrane bioreactor (A/O-MBR, 40 L/hr) was used to treat the hyperhaline municipal sewage from a processing zone of Tianjin, China. Impact factors including mixed liquid sludge suspension (MLSS), sludge viscosity (μup), microorganisms, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), aeration intensity and suction/suspended time on membrane fouling and pollution control were studied. The relationships among various factors associated with membrane fouling were analyzed. Results showed that there was a positive correlation among MLSS, sludge viscosity and trans-membrane pressure (TMP). Considering water treatment efficiency and stable operation of the membrane module, MLSS of 5 g/L was suggested for the process. There was a same trend among EPS, sludge viscosity and TMP. Numbers and species of microorganisms affected membrane fouling. Either too high or too low aeration intensity was not conducive to membrane fouling control. Aeration intensity of 1.0 m³/hr (gas/water ratio of 25:1) is suggested for the process. A long suction time caused a rapid increase in membrane resistance. However, long suspended time cannot prevent the increase of membrane resistance effectively even though a suspended time was necessary for scale off particles from the membrane surface. The suction/suspended time of 12 min/3 min was selected for the process. The interaction of various environmental factors and operation conditions must be considered synthetically.     

MBR-RO组合工艺深度处理焦化废水试验研究

采用膜生物反应器-反渗透(MBR-RO)组合工艺对二级生化处理后的焦化废水进行深度处理。考察了MBR单元及RO单元对污染物的去除效果,详细探讨了原水电导率、跨膜压差对RO单元产水率和脱盐率的影响。试验结果表明,该组合工艺运行稳定且处理效果好,处理后的出水水质能满足《工业循环冷却水处理设计规范》(GB 50050—2007)的要求。     

静电纺丝纤维膜固定化漆酶对水中双酚A的降解性能

采用乳液静电纺丝技术原位固定漆酶,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(LCSM)对载漆酶电纺纤维膜的形貌结构进行表征.载酶电纺纤维呈壳-核结构,平均直径为(650±30)nm,表面有许多纳米级孔道;漆酶被成功包埋固定于纤维内部,且保留了79.8%的酶催化活性.以双酚A(Bisphenol A,BPA)为目标污染物,对比电纺纤维膜固定化漆酶和游离漆酶对BPA的降解性能,考察p H值和温度等因素对BPA降解效率的影响.研究结果表明:在优化条件下,电纺纤维膜固定化漆酶对BPA的降解率达80%左右;与游离漆酶相比,固定化漆酶对p H值和温度均表现出更好的耐受性.这主要是因为漆酶被包埋在纤维内部,纤维的聚合物外壳结构可以保护漆酶,减少外界环境对漆酶的影响,而纤维表面的多孔结构可以为漆酶与BPA的接触反应提供通道.     

PVDF超滤膜进行聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PEGMA)紫外光照射接枝的膜面表征与抗污染分析

本文采用紫外光照射接枝的方法将聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PEGMA)亲水单体接枝在疏水性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜表面,改善PVDF膜的亲水性能.实验中以N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)为交联剂作为对比,发现添加MBAA可以减少PEG接枝层的溶胀性.本实验研究不同改性条件对膜性能的影响,利用表面接触角(CA)、红外光谱分析(ATR-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段表征膜表面特征,同时研究了改性膜对乳化油和牛血清蛋白溶液分离效率和抗污染能力.实验结果表明,经改性后膜亲水性明显提高,对污染物的截留效果和抗污染能力均有所提高.     

Investigation on removal pathways of Di 2-ethyl hexyl phthalate from synthetic municipal wastewater using a submerged membrane bioreactor

Highly hydrophobic Di 2-ethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most prevalent plasticizers in wastewaters. Since its half-life in biological treatment is around 25 days, it can be used as an efficiency indicator of wastewater treatment plant for the removal of hydrophobic emerging contaminants. In this study, the performance of submerged membrane bioreactor was monitored to understand the effect of DEHP on the growth of aerobic microorganisms. The data showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia concentration were detected below 10 and 1.0 mg/L, respectively for operating conditions of hydraulic retention time (HRT) = 4 and 6 hr, sludge retention time (SRT) = 140 day and sludge concentration between 11.5 and 15.8 g volatile solid (VS)/L. The removal efficiency of DEHP under these conditions was higher and ranged between 91% and 98%. Results also showed that the removal efficiency of DEHP in biological treatment depended on the concentration of sludge, as adsorption is the main mechanism of its removal. For the submerged membrane bioreactor, the pore size is the pivotal factor for DEHP removal, since it determines the amount of soluble microbial products coming out of the process. Highly assimilated microorganisms increase the biodegradation rate, as 74% of inlet DEHP was biodegraded; however, the concentration of DEHP inside sludge was beyond the discharge limit. Understanding the fate of DEHP in membrane bioreactor, which is one of the most promising and futuristic treatment process could provide replacement for conventional processes to satisfy the future stricter regulations on emerging contaminants.     

生物铁强化膜生物反应器处理印染废水的研究

通过向普通膜生物反应器(MBR)中添加氢氧化铁,驯化成生物铁污泥,形成生物铁膜生物反应器,分析各自对印染废水的处理效果,结果表明,生物铁MBR对COD的去除效果更好,去除率提高10%左右,但水力停留时间的长短对COD的去除效率影响不是很明显;通过改变泥龄观察处理效果,结果表明,生物铁MBR可以在较长泥龄的条件下运行而处理效果不会受到影响,比普通MBR排放更少的污泥,能达到污泥减量化;同时生物铁污泥絮体的形成为硝化细菌提供了良好的生存环境,使得对氨氮的去除效率比较稳定。试验说明:生物铁污泥的强化生化与物化作用可以加强系统整体的稳定性。     

阴极电极面积和膜面积对H型MFCs产电能力的影响

以生活污水为底物,碳棒作电极,构建H型瓶式微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells,MFCs),研究了阴极电极面积和膜面积对电池产电能力的影响.阳极以厌氧污泥作接种体,两室分隔物使用阳离子交换膜(cation exchange membrane,CEM),阳极不使用中介体,阴极使用无催化剂的普通碳电极....     

Influence and mechanism of N-(3-oxooxtanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (C8-oxo-HSL) on biofilm behaviors at early stage

N-acyl-homoserines quenching, enzymatic quenching of bacterial quorum sensing, has recently applied to mitigate biofilm in membrane bioreactor. However, the effect of AHLs on the behavior of biofilm formation is still sparse. In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm was formed on ultra-filtration membrane under a series of N-(3-oxooxtanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (C₈-oxo-HSL) concentrations. Diffusing C₈-oxo-HSL increased the growth rate of cells on biofilm where the concentration of C₈-oxo-HSL was over 10^-7 g/L. The C₈-oxo-HSL gradient had no observable influence on cell density and extracellular polymeric substances of biofilm with over 10^-7 g/L C₈-oxo-HSL. Surprisingly, 10^-11-10^-8 g/L of C₈-oxo-HSL had no effect on cell growth in liquid culture. The cell analysis demonstrated that the quorum sensing system might enhance the growth of neighboring cells in contact with surfaces into biofilm and may influence the structure and organization of biofilm.     

膜生物反应器处理高浓度含酚废水研究

将膜生物反应器(MBR)用于高浓度含酚废水的处理中,探讨了进水中苯酚浓度、水力停留时间和污泥浓度对膜生物反应器处理含酚废水效果的影响。实验结果表明:经过42d驯化后,可以在高浓度含酚废水中正常运行,MBR系统对COD和氨氮的去除率分别可达98%和80.6%。当苯酚浓度为134mg/L时,处理的最佳水力停留时间为3h,最佳污泥浓度(MLSS)为7367mg/L。     

季铵盐壳聚糖膜对水体中十二烷基苯磺酸钠吸附的研究

以壳聚糖为原料,制备季铵盐壳聚糖膜(QCSM)吸附剂,研究吸附剂对十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的吸附性能,考察了溶液pH值、吸附时间、浓度和温度的影响。结果表明,吸附适宜条件的为:pH 4.0,吸附时间120 min,吸附过程可以很好地用准二级动力学方程描述,吸附等温线用Langmuir方程的拟合效果优于Freundlich和Tempkin方程。在热力学研究表中,ΔG0<0,ΔH0>0,ΔS0>0,表明此吸附过程是自发、吸热和熵增加的过程。