生物炭对塿土土壤容重和团聚体的影响

通过比较生物炭施入土壤2 a和5 a的试验结果,研究随年限的增长生物炭的添加对塿土容重和土壤团聚体含量及稳定性的影响.采用田间定位试验和室内分析,试验设生物炭用量为0 t·hm~(-2)(B0)、20 t·hm~(-2)(B20)、40 t·hm~(-2)(B40)、60t·hm~(-2)(B60)和80 t·hm~(-2)(B80)这5个处理,将果树树干、枝条生物炭(450℃、限氧条件下)施入土壤,与耕层土壤混匀.经过5 a,分3层测定0～30 cm土层(即0～10、10～20和20～30 cm)的土壤容重、团聚体及有机碳含量.结果表明:①生物炭施入土壤5 a与施入2 a的结果相比,其对0～10 cm和10～20 cm土层团聚体影响相对减弱,对20～30 cm土层土壤容重和团聚体的影响显著增强.②随着年限的增长,在0～10 cm土层,生物炭施用量为40 t·hm~(-2)时, 0. 25 mm团聚体的含量及团聚体稳定性显著增强,容重显著减小;在10～20 cm和20～30 cm土层,生物炭施用量为60～80 t·hm~(-2)时, 0. 25 mm团聚体的含量及团聚体稳定性显著增强,容重显著减小.③当生物炭施用量为60 t·hm~(-2)时,对土壤有机碳的增加效果表现最优.说明生物炭对土壤团聚体的影响是一个渐进的过程.生物炭施入土壤5 a,其对深层土壤的影响更为显著,20～30 cm土层的土壤容重显著降低, 0. 25 mm团聚体的含量及团聚体稳定性显著增强.从经济效益和改善效果综合考虑,在耕层土壤施入40～60 t·hm~(-2)的生物炭最适.     

2012~2019年北京市储油库VOCs去除及排放水平变化监测分析

汽油储油库是城市挥发性有机物（VOCs）的重要来源之一,为减少VOCs排放,北京市于2006年开始推动储油库安装油气回收装置,每年监测储油库VOCs排放情况.分析了2012~2019年北京市储油库VOCs排放变化特征,发现2012~2019年北京市储油库VOCs进口浓度经历下降-上升-下降历程,2019年进口平均浓度为165.3 g·m^-3;出口浓度趋于下降趋势,2019年出口平均浓度为7.3 g·m^-3;北京市储油库VOCs去除效率总体趋于稳定,为45.5%~100%.但在油气回收装置出口排放浓度达标率大幅提高的同时,出现了储油库回收装置去除效率反而下降现象.因此,提出加强过程管理,增加检查油气回收装置的运行年限和检查维护保养记录,并将去除效率指标纳入管控范畴,执行"双指标"达标要求等建议.为未来制定储油库精细化管理措施,进一步改善大气环境质量提供科学依据.     

Study of Bulk and Sub-Event Wet Deposition in Gebze,Turkey

This study presents the chemical composition of bulk deposition during the period of February 1996–May 1997 and the chemical composition of sub-event wet deposition on 13 August 1997 in Gebze. Samples were analyzed for SO₄ ^2-, NO₃ ^-, Cl^-,Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, and NH₄ ⁺ in addition to pH. The source of some ionic components in the bulk deposition such as K⁺ and Ca²⁺ were found to be the terrestrial regions, as expected. The (non-sea Cl^-)/Cl^- ratio of 0.05 suggests that the very large portion of Cl^- in the bulkdeposition was of marine origin. The ratio of (non-sea SO₄ ^2-)/SO₄ ^2- varied between 0.86 and 0.99,indicating that the main source of sulfate was not the sea. It is found that the sulfate and calcium concentrations were highest in summer and lowest in fall. The analysis of bulk deposition also indicated that nearly 24% of the events were acidic (pH < 5.6). During sub-event wet deposition collectedon the same site pH decreased continually, and during the passageof cold front concentrations of Cl^-, SO₄ ^2- and NO₃ ^- increased.     

化学品海上运输的发展和安全管理的探讨

分析了化学品运输市场情况和船舶的适载、货物的适运，就如何做好化学品海上运输管理提出了建议。     

Fast and Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of l-Lactide Initiated with In-situ–Generated Calcium Alkoxides

The ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide with calcium alkoxides generated in-situ from bis(tetrahydrofuran)calcium bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amide] and 2-propanol are presented. The polymerization in THF at room temperature proceeds rapidly and in a living manner, giving poly(l-lactide)s of controlled molecular weight, low polydispersity, and tailored end-functionalities. Kinetic studies show the absence of an induction period and a pseudo-first order rate constant of 6.41 L mol^–1 min^–1, which is significantly higher than for related Y₅(-O)(O ⁱ Pr)_13– or aluminum alkoxide-initiated polymerizations. The initiation involves a two-step process: (1) alcoholysis of bis(tetrahydrofuran)calcium bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amide] to give the corresponding calcium alkoxide and (2) ring-opening of l-lactide via acyl-oxygen cleavage and insertion into the calcium-alkoxide bond. In the presence of excess alcohol, fast and reversible exchange between free alcohol molecules and coordinated alkoxide ligands takes place. This allows tuning of the poly(l-lactide) molecular weight over a wide range.     

Human impact on beach and foredune microclimate on North Padre Island,Texas

The microclimate of beach and foredune areas of North Padre Island along the mid-Texas coast was found to be greatly modified by vehicular and pedestrian traffic during investigations made from late fall to early summer 1973–74. The primary effect of human activity on microclimate was expressed as reduced cover and species diversity of the vegetation. As the intensity of human activity increased, elevation, especially of areas near the beach, was decreased, whereas average wind velocities near the ground surface, evaporation, atmospheric salinity near the ground surface, wind-carried sand particles near the ground surface, soil salinity, soil pH, average soil temperature and range in temperature, soil bulk density, and soil-water contents were increased.     

不饱和聚酯树脂生产废水治理技术

不饱和聚酯树脂生产废水CODCr高达 10 0 0 0 0mg/L ,pH为 1— 2 ,且排放无规律 ,处理难度大。采用先对缩聚废水进行蒸馏浓缩 ,再真空泵废水混合调质、降温、缺氧水解后 ,经高效的好氧生物处理工艺 (HCR)处理后与低浓度的冲洗水、生活废水混合 ,进行低负荷的生物接触氧化处理 ,出水CODCr稳定在 10 0mg/L以下。     

Species analysis methods for hydrolysis polymerization of aluminum

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Modeling of residual chlorine in water distribution system

Water quality within water distribution system may vary with both location and time.Water quality models are used to predict the spatial and temporal variation of water quality throughout water system.A model of residual chlorine decay in water pipe has been developed, given the consumption of chlorine in reactions with chemicals in bulk water,bio-films on pipe wall, in corrosion process, and the mass transport of chlorine from bulk water to pipe wall.Analytical methods of the flow path from water sources to the observed point and the water age of every observed node were proposed .Model is used to predict the decay of residual chlorine in an actual distribution system.Good agreement between calculated and measured values was obtained.     

包覆型纳米铁的制备及其去除三氯乙烯的研究

采用微乳聚合法成功的用聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂(PMMA)包覆了纳米铁粒子.透射电镜、红外光谱和热重分析证明,PMMA包覆层存在于铁表面,包覆型纳米铁在空气中的稳定性明显提高.批次实验结果表明,该纳米材料能有效降解环境污染物三氯乙烯(TCE),包覆型纳米铁对TCE的还原反应符合准一级反应动力学.