GO-TiO2改性中空纤维膜的制备条件及抗污染性能研究

以氧化石墨烯(GO)与纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)为改性剂,采用界面聚合法与抽滤吸附结合,对聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维超滤膜(简称原膜)进行表面改性,得到新型纳米改性膜(简称GO-TiO_2改性膜).研究改性膜的制备工艺条件及其对腐殖酸(HA)的吸附截留性能与抗污染特性.结果表明:(1)最佳制备工艺条件为:钛酸丁酯2 m L、GO 1 mg、间苯二胺1%(质量分数)、间苯二胺浸泡时间8 min、均苯三甲酰氯0.2%(质量分数)、均苯三甲酰氯浸泡时间10 min;(2)亲水性提高显著,亲水性表面为GO-聚酰胺-TiO_2复合结构,改性膜接触角由80.6°±1.8°下降到38.6°±1.2°;(3)抗污染性能提高明显.改性膜通量总衰减率由改性前的51.2%下降到35.6%,过滤周期约为原膜的2.5倍;反冲洗后膜通量恢复率由69%提高到96%.     

聚硅氯化铝混凝剂中Al(Ⅲ)水解聚合历程及铝硅作用特性研究

采用共聚与复合两种制备工艺，制备出了系列具有不同碱化度和不同Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比的聚硅氯化铝混凝剂，分析研究了ＰＡＳＣ中Ａｌ（Ⅲ）的水解－聚合历程以及聚硅酸与铝水解聚合产物的相互作用，探讨了ＰＡＳＣ溶液的酸解聚。     

膜的改性及其在环境领域应用研究进展

膜改性由于具有清洁、廉价、节能等特点,近年来得到快速发展,是解决膜污染的有效方法之一。本文综合介绍了膜的基体改性、表面改性这两种改性类型和目前常用的改性方法包括表面涂覆、表面活性剂改性、化学修饰改性、仿生改性等等,并简单介绍了膜改性在环境领域的应用,探讨了膜改性今后的发展。     

非离子型聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的制备及其絮凝性能

以丙烯酰胺（AM）和烷基酚聚醚（APAP）为单体,采用反相乳液聚合法制备了流动性好的非离子型聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂（PAM-APAP）。考察了乳化剂和引发剂的种类、单体总质量分数、单体配比和反应温度等因素对聚合反应的影响。实验结果表明,制备PAM-APAP的最佳工艺条件为：单体总质量分数35%、m（AM）∶m（APAP）=9.0∶1.0、Span80+Tween80复配乳化剂加入量为油水总质量的7%、m（Span80）∶m（Tween80）=7.0∶1.5、V50加入量为单体总质量的1.5‰、反应温度50℃。PAM-APAP具有较好的絮凝效果,与其他絮凝剂相比用量较少,在加入量为100mg/L时,对聚合物驱油中产生的含聚合物污水的浊度去除率为87.9%,去油率为89.5%,且絮体不黏壁。     

Atmospheric bulk deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the vicinity of an iron and steel making plant

An IRA-743 resin bulk sampler was validated to monitor long-term bulk deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Six consecutive sampling campaigns (2008-2009) were conducted at four sites around steel complexes in Pohang, South Korea to investigate spatial and seasonal variations of PCDD/F bulk deposition. The bulk deposition within the steel complex showed the highest ∑_4-8PCDD/F (Tetra-Octa) fluxes, ranging from 204 to 608 (mean: 352) pg m⁻² d⁻¹, indicating steel complexes were major sources of PCDD/Fs. The homologue profiles were dominated with lower chlorinated PCDFs. Furthermore, the prevailing winds were confirmed to influence the spatial distribution of PCDD/F deposition. There were apparent seasonal variations of the bulk deposition at each site, and seasonal homologue patterns of PCDD/Fs were clearly observed. According to the passive air sampling, however, no significant seasonal change of ambient air concentrations of PCDD/Fs was observed. Therefore, it was concluded that the seasonal variations of deposition fluxes of PCDD/Fs probably resulted from temperature-dependent gas/particle partitioning.     

国内外储油库VOCs排放现状与标准分析

储油库大气污染物排放标准(GB 20950-2007)规定了储油库在储存和收发汽油过程中油气排放控制,不适用于原油、航空煤油和石脑油等油品.对美国和欧洲储油库油气排放标准或指令进行梳理,结合我国3个典型城市储油库油气处理装置油气排放现状分析,提出GB 20950-2007的修订建议.结果表明:①美国和欧洲储油库标准控制范围不仅包含汽油,还包含原油和其他有机液体;②GB 20950-2007的油气非甲烷总烃(NMHC)排放浓度限值分别是美国联邦标准Subpart XX、Subpart R和Subpart Y的0. 5、1. 8和8. 9倍,是美国南加州Rule 462和Rule 1142的1. 8和3. 1倍,是欧盟和德国指令的0. 7和500倍;我国一般地区油气泄漏限值是Subpart XX的0. 5倍,重点地区油气泄漏限值是Rule 462和Rule 1142的0. 7和2. 0倍.③我国3个典型城市储油库油气处理装置进口和出口NMHC排放浓度P5th～P95th数值范围分别为115～811 g·m^-3和0. 1～20. 0g·m^-3,85...     

Crystallization behavior of predominantly syndiotactic poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)

Predominantly syndiotactic poly(-hydroxybutyrate), syn-PHB, of variable syndioregularity (syndyad fractions 0.59, 0.62, 0.64, and 0.71) and molecular weight was prepared by the dibutyltin dimethoxide catalyzed ring opening of racemic-butyrolactone (BL). The crystallization behavior of the syn-PHB polymers was investigated by DSC and X-ray diffraction analyses. DSC of films after melting and annealing showed at least one, and often two distinct melting transitions occuring over a broad (often 40°C) temperature range. These results indicate that syn-PHB chain segments of variable syndioregularity form crystalline regions with very different thermodynamic stabilities. Maximum degrees of crystallinity for melt annealed 0.64- and 0.71-syn-PHB was observed at an annealing temperature (T _c ) of 30°C. AtT _c values at 45°C and higher, crystallization of relatively lower syndioregular chain segments was apparently excluded to variable degrees dependent onT _c and sample syndiotactic dyad content. After crystallization of syn-PHB samples at elevated temperatures, ambient temperature annealing resulted in an observed lower temperature melting transition at 50°C. This result showed little to no dependence on syn-PHB syndio-regularity andT _c . Both solution precipitated 0.62-syn-PHB and 0.71-syn-PHB have WAXS patterns with poorly resolved crystalline reflections superimposed on amorphous haloes indicating low levels of crystallinity (17% and 25%, respectively) and poorly formed crystals. Isothermal crystallization monitored by DSC showed that the syn- and natural origin PHB showed fastest crystallization rates at temperatures between 50°C and 70°C and 60°C and 90°C, respectively. From the dependence of the higher melting transition onT _c it was determined that the equilibrium melting temperatures for 0.62-syn-PHB (M _n =83,700 g/mol) and a 0.64-syn-PHB (M _n =11,900 g/mol) were 157 and 154°C, respectively. An Avrami analysis of syn-PHB yielded results similar to that found for natural origin PHB indicating that crystal growth occurs by a two-dimensional mechanism.Guest Editor: Dr. Graham Swift, Rohm & Haas.     

溧阳台体应变异常与地震的对应关系研究

地震预报的基础是要有连续可靠的高质量的观测资料。地震台站一线的工作人员对本台产出的观测资料的可靠性最有发言权,溧阳地震台的体应变观测资料在历年的全国资料质量评比中连续6年获得前三名。本文通过对江苏溧阳地震台体应变观测资料的分析研究,发现1996年11月09日在南黄海6.1级地震和1997年07月28日在南黄海5.1级地震,台湾1999年09月21日7.6级地震和2002年03月31日7.5级地震以及2001年11月14日青海8.1级地震前后,该台体应变资料有较明显的前兆异常反应,并且有一定的变化规律和异常特征,通过对这种规律的总结对地震预报有一定的参考价值,为此,我们对这种规律认真的分析总结,以提供给大家参考。     

浅析长江下游水域散装液态危险货物运输风险管理

通过对长江下游水域散装液态危险货物运输的风险分析，探讨加强该水域化学事故风险管理的措施。     

仿生脂肪细胞制备以及对水体中林丹去除的研究

利用生物体脂肪组织可以对脂溶性有机物有效富集的原理,通过界面聚合合成了类似脂肪细胞结构的仿生脂肪细胞,并对其结构进行了初步表征.仿生脂肪细胞具有亲水性膜以及亲脂性的内部结构,亲水性的膜允许携带脂溶性有机物的水体穿过膜,亲脂性的内含物将脂溶性有机物富集截留.仿生脂肪细胞对林丹具有较好的去除效果,15%三油酸甘油酯含量的仿生脂肪细胞与粉末活性炭具有相当的林丹去除能力.仿生脂肪细胞对林丹的去除机理包括内含物的生物富集以及膜上空腔的物理吸附两部分,而内含物的生物富集作用则是主要作用方式.