阿克苏地区春季土壤水分垂直向运动

土壤中毛管水是传递压力的,毛管水运动的方向,受土壤上层温度变化和土面蒸发制约,与土壤中汽态水的运动方向（由热至冷）一致。下午和晚上因地面辐射而冷却,闭塞空气收缩,潜水向上通过毛细管吸入闭塞空气中,潜水位下降;上午和白天因地面日晒,土温升高,闭塞空气膨胀,排出较粗毛管水,成为重力水而下渗,抬升潜水位。春天大风,土温升高,晚上使潜水位升高,白天土面蒸发加大,又使潜水位下降。用潜水蒸渗仪,可测到大风天改变土壤水分运行的方向。     

重庆市汞污染的观测研究

为研究重庆市区汞污染状况,2004年9~11月,同步观测了重庆市近郊铁山坪小流域（TSP）和观音桥(GYQ)两个区域的全沉降、穿透水、地表径流和土壤中的总汞含量,估算了小流域中汞的输入输出通量,分析了城区和郊区的大气汞沉降和分布特征。结果表明,重庆已在一定程度上受到汞污染。在TSP,湿沉降是汞输入的主要方式,也就是说,在TSP,细颗粒是大气汞的主要来源,表层土则是大气汞的一个主要的汇。GYQ区域的汞污染比TSP相对严重。在GYQ,除了湿沉降以外,干沉降是汞来源的重要形式,表明在GYQ,粗颗粒可能对大气汞有很大的贡献。因此,本地源的排放对城区的影响比对郊区的影响大,尤其是城区火电站附近的土壤样品比郊区土壤的汞含量高很多,说明火电站是大气汞的重要来源之一。     

Performances of biological aerated filter employing hollow fiber membrane segments of surface-improved poly （sulfone） as biofilm carriers

Using the surface of poly （sulfone） hollow fiber membrane segments as grafted layer, the hydrophilic acrylamide chain was grafted on by UV-photoinduced grafting polymerization. The gained improvement of surface wettability for the modified membrane was tested by measuring the contact-angle as well as FTIR spectra. Then correlation between the hydrophilic ability of support material and the biofilm adherence ability was demonstrated by comparing the pollutant removal rates from urban wastewater via two identical lab-scale up-flow biological aerated filters, one employed the surface wettability modified poly （sulfone） hollow fiber membrane segment as biofilm carder and the other employed unmodified membrane segment as biofilm carder. The experimental results showed that under the conditions of influent flux 5 L/h, hydraulic retention time 9 h and gas to liquid ratio （G/L） 10： 1, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand （COD） and ammonium nitrogen （NH4^＋-N） for the modified packing filter and the unmodified packing filter was averaged at 83.64% and 96.25%, respectively, with the former filter being 5%-20% more than the latter. The effluent concentration of COD, NH4^＋-N and turbidity for the modified packing filter was 25.25 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 8 NTU, respectively. Moreover, the ammonium nitrogen removal performance of the filter packing the modified PSF was compared with the other bioreactor packing of an efficient floating medium. The biomass test indicated that the modified membrane matrixes provided better specific adhesion （3310-5653 mg TSS/L support）, which gave a mean of 1000 mg TSS/L more than the unmodified membrane did. In addition, the phenomenon of simultaneous denitrification on the inner surface of the support and nitrification on the outer surface was found in this work.     

Effect of Sb dopant amount on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol

Ti/Sb-SnO_2 anodes were prepared by thermal decomposition to examine the influence',of the amount of Sb dopant on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of the electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol.The physicochemical properties of the Sb-SnO_2 coating were markedly influenced by different amounts of Sb dopant.The electrodes,which contained 5% Sb dopant in the coating, presented a much more homogenous surface and much smaller mud-cracks,compared with Ti/Sb-SnO_2 electrodes containing 10% or 15% Sb dopant,which exibited larger mud cracks and pores on the surface.However,the main microstructure remained unchanged with the addition of the Sb dopant.No new crystal phase was observed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol on the Ti/SnO_2 electrode with 5% Sb dopant was inclined to electrochemical combustion;while for those containing more Sb dopant,intermediate species were accumulated.The electrodes with 5% Sb dopant showed the highest efficiency in the bulk electrolysis of 4-chlorophenol at a current density of 20 mA/cm~2 for 180 min;and the removal rates of 4-chlorophenol and COD were 51.0% and 48.9%,respectively.     

Biodegradation of Polyaromatics Synthesized by Peroxidase-Catalyzed Free-Radical Polymerization

Polymers formed from peroxidase-based free-radical polymerization reactions were characterized for rates of mineralization against lignin and humic acid controls. Degradation studies were carried out in soil systems over 202 days and cumulative net CO₂ was determined. Whereas mineralization of the humic acid and alkali lignin controls totaled ca. 20% at the end of the test exposure, there was essentially no net mineralization of the hydrolytic lignin control. Mineralization of the test samples totaled 5% for poly(p-ethylphenol) and 11% for poly(m-cresol). At the same time, mineralization of the poly(p-phenyl phenol) totaled 64%. Conversely, the readily biodegradable polymers cellulose and PHB reached values of 91 to 97% in less than 60 days. Our data suggest that the mineralization kinetics of the enzymatically derived polyaromatics mimic those of the naturally occurring heteropolymers.     

溧阳台体应变异常与地震的对应关系研究

地震预报的基础是要有连续可靠的高质量的观测资料。地震台站一线的工作人员对本台产出的观测资料的可靠性最有发言权，溧阳地震台的体应变观测资料在历年的全国资料质量评比中连续6年获得前三名。本文通过对江苏溧阳地震台体应变观测资料的分析研究，发现1996年11月09日在南黄海6．1级地震和1997年07月28日在南黄海5．1级地震，台湾1999年09月21日7．6级地震和2002年03月31日7.5级地震以及2001年11月14日青海8．1级地震前后，该台体应变资料有较明显的前兆异常反应，并且有一定的变化规律和异常特征，通过对这种规律的总结对地震预报有一定的参考价值，为此，我们对这种规律认真的分析总结，以提供给大家参考。     

Properties of polyferric-silicate-sulfate(PFSS) coagulant

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聚磷氯化铝溶液形态分布及转化规律

聚磷氯化铝是一种新型高效混凝剂，采用逐时络合比色法和酸中和速度法研究了聚磷氯化铝溶液的形态分布。结果表明，聚磷氯化铝的聚合形态为聚合铝形态与磷酸根作用新形态之和，其形态分布取决于羟比值和磷铝比值等因素，在一定的羟铝比值和磷铝比值时，聚磷氯化铝溶液可划分为５类形态，描绘出了聚磷氯化铝的形态转化规律。     

Evaluating time to maximum rate (TMR) and self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) of self-polymerizing vinyl acetate monomer

Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) is widely used as a chemical intermediate producing a variety of copolymer products. Besides, VAM has the tendency to readily decompose into free radicals and ions that initiates the self-sustaining polymerization reaction. The non-isothermal experiments of VAM were performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the calculations of the kinetic parameters from temperature-programmed DSC curves have been evaluated by the isoconversional method. The thermal analysis of VAM was proceeded using the advanced thermal analysis software (AKTS) to figure out the time to maximum rate (TMR) and self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) for a proactive safety design of VAM. Subsequently, the kinetic model is used to predict the potential thermal runaway in the VAM-PVAc polymerizing process.     

亚热带农田和林地大气氮湿沉降与混合沉降比较

本研究在位于我国亚热带区域的湖南省长沙县金井河流域,设置一个农田监测点和一个林地监测点,开展了完整的2a(2011年3月至2013年2月)大气氮素(N)湿沉降和混合沉降(湿沉降+部分干沉降)的监测,评价两种方法监测的大气氮素沉降的差别,并建立一种采用氮素混合沉降来估算氮素湿沉降的方法.结果表明采样点氮素湿沉降和混合沉降以NH_4~+-N沉降量最高,其中农田点大气氮湿沉降、混合沉降量分别为26.2 kg·(hm~2·a)~(-1)、28.9 kg·(hm~2·a)~(-1),湿沉降、混合沉降NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和可溶性有机氮(DON)分别占湿沉降、混合沉降总氮(TN)的49.7%、31.3%、19.0%和48.7%、31.6%、19.7%.林地点大气氮湿沉降、混合沉降量分别为23.6 kg·(hm~2·a)~(-1)、27.8 kg·(hm~2·a)~(-1),湿沉降、混合沉降NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和DON分别占湿沉降、混合沉降TN的53.9%、34.8%、11.4%和49.6%、31.6%、18.9%.研究区域降雨量与湿沉降、混合沉降雨水中NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和TN浓度均有极显著负相关关系,而与沉降量有显著正相关性.两监测点湿沉降与混合沉降的雨水中N素浓度具有极显著线性相关性(决定系数大于0.82),根据二者之间建立的回归方程,农田点采用混合沉降估算湿沉降中NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和TN沉降的系数值分别为0.875、0.774和0.852;林地点相应的系数值分别为0.859、0.783和0.819,该系数值主要与监测点的氮素湿沉降量及大气颗粒态氮的污染水平有关.亚热带区域采用大气氮素混合沉降替代氮素湿沉降,将导致氮素湿沉降被高估10%~18%,利用氮素混合沉降和氮素湿沉降之间的回归方程,可以较好实现采用混合沉降来估算湿沉降.