O3/H2O2法去除浮选药剂丁基黄药

采用O3/H2O2法去除水中丁基黄药,考察了H2O2/O3摩尔比、pH值、丁基黄药初始浓度、温度和自由基抑制剂对丁基黄药的去除效果的影响。结果表明,在相同O3投加量下,H2O2量越大,丁基黄药去除率越高。pH值为7～9,温度在293～303 K的范围内,O3/H2O2对丁基黄药都有很高的去除率。碳酸氢根和叔丁醇能在一定程度上降低丁基黄药的降解效率。研究还发现,在O3和H2O2投加量相同的条件下,H2O2多次投加对水中丁基黄药的处理效果明显优于一次性投加。GC/MS分析表明,O3/H2O2氧化丁基黄药氧化产物为羧酸类物质。     

臭氧降解选矿药剂丁基黄药的实验研究

采用臭氧氧化去除水中的丁基黄药,研究了臭氧氧化丁基黄药的影响因素,考察了反应溶液的初始pH值、臭氧投加量、反应物初始浓度、自由基抑制剂对丁基黄药降解率的影响。结果表明,pH值、臭氧投加量越高,丁基黄药降解率越高,随着丁基黄药初始浓度的升高,丁基黄药的去除效率会下降,但绝对去除量会升高。碳酸氢根和叔丁醇能在一定程度上降低丁基黄药的降解效率。同时讨论了体系中COD、TOC、UV254、pH和电导率的变化情况,结果表明臭氧氧化很难将体系中的COD和TOC大幅度降低,反应体系pH随氧化时间的增加而降低的,GC—MS分析表明,丁基黄药氧化的臭氧化产物为醇类和羧酸类物质。     

Contamination and bioaccumulation of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers in fish from Manila Bay, the Philippines using an ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is grafted on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by using N₂ plasma technique. The MMA grafted MWCNTs (MWCNT-g-pMMA) are characterized by using Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), and potentiometric acid-base titration method. The application of MWCNT-g-pMMA in the removal of 4,4′-dichlorinated biphenyl (4,4′-DCB) from large volumes of aqueous solutions is investigated under ambient conditions. The results indicate that the adsorption of 4,4′-DCB on MWCNT-g-pMMA is much higher than that of 4,4′-DCB on MWCNTs, and the adsorbed 4,4′-DCB is difficult to be thermally decomposed from MWCNT-g-pMMA according to the TGA-DTA analysis. MWCNT-g-pMMA are suitable materials in the preconcentration and immobilization of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from large volumes of aqueous solutions in environmental pollution cleanup.     

利用废锂渣制备碳酸锂

介绍了用生产丁基过程中的渣制备碳酸锂的工艺过程及最佳工艺条件,在碳酸钠加入量为理论需要量的110％、pH为9－10、陈化时间为12h、干燥温度为450℃、干燥时间为2h的条件下,碳酸锂的总收率为70.3%左右,产品的纯度为98％左右,产品质量达到GB11075－89的三级标准。     

甲基叔丁基醚对生态与环境的影响

汽油添加剂甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)因能提高辛烷值、减少尾气污染物而被广泛使用.虽然MTBE对改善空气质量有积极意义,但因其泄漏并具有稳定性、迁移性和毒性,对水环境和人类造成危害.笔者综述了MTBE的毒性和对生态环境的影响,介绍了MTBE污染的防治现状,并对其研究方向进行了展望.      

气相色谱法同时测定室内空气中乙苯和乙酸丁酯研究

建立了用气相色谱法同时测定室内空气中乙苯和乙酸丁酯的方法。乙苯和乙酸丁酯经活性炭吸附,二硫化碳解吸,DB～200毛细管柱分离,直接进样分析,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,时间定性,峰面积定量,乙苯回收率为95．3％-105．5％、乙酸丁酯回收率为94．8％-104．8％,当采样体积为30L,乙苯最低检出质量浓度为0．002m∥m。,乙酸丁酯最低检出质量浓度为0．003mg／m’。本方法前处理简便,分离度好,分析灵敏度高,满足室内环境分析要求。     

Exposure to Methyl Methacrylate and Its Subjective Symptoms Among Dental Technicians,Tehran, Iran

Exposure to methyl methacrylate (MMA), total dust and health symptoms were investigated in 20 dental laboratories located in Tehran, Iran. Time-weighted average (TWA) of MMA and peak concentrations were determined, using XAD-2 tubes followed by GC-ID analysis. Total dusts were evaluated gravimetrically. Health symptoms were asked using a questionnaire. TWA for technicians with direct and indirect exposure to MMA were 327.28 ± 79.42 and 282.9 ± 41.84 mg/m³ , respectively. Peak concentration of MMA for those technicians were 337.0 ± 36.81 and 328.88 ± 45.40 mg/m³, respectively.

There were no significant differences between TWA of MMA and peak concentration in different weekly workdays; however, within-day variations were observed (P < .05).

TWA of MMA and peak concentration correlation with the laboratory volume were 0.61-0.65. Dust exposure of technicians was 2.35 ± 2.70 mg/m³. Cough and skin dryness were the common health symptoms. Smoking and asbestos exposure history were factors influencing cough prevalence (p < .05).

It is concluded that the current Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL) is not low enough to protect technicians against the adverse effects caused by MMA.     

Removal of antimony from antimony mine flotation wastewater by electrocoagulation with aluminum electrodes

Antimony (Sb) has received increasing environmental concerns due to its potential toxic and carcinogenic properties. In the present work, the electrocoagulation technique was used to treat the flotation wastewater from a heavy antimony polluted area, and the mechanism of removing Sb was also investigated. The study focused on the effect of operation parameters such as current density, initial pH and standing time on the Sb removal efficiency. Antimony concentration of below 1 mg/L in the treated wastewater was achieved, which meets the emission standards established by State Department of Environmental Protection and State Administration of China for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine of China.     

邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯致神经细胞氧化损伤

为探究邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(butyl benzyl phthalate,BBP)对小鼠神经的毒性作用,进行了小鼠体外毒理学研究。首先用不同浓度的邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯染毒神经模型细胞—N2a神经瘤细胞,通过噻唑蓝比色法(MTT),Hoechst 33258染色实验评价邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯的细胞毒效应;通过对染毒细胞氧自由基(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的检测来探究BBP对小鼠神经瘤细胞的氧化损伤效应。随着BBP浓度的不断增高,细胞的MTT值逐渐变小,当BBP的浓度达到10 g·L-1时,MTT实验结果与对照组出现显著性差异;Hoechst 33258染色结果显示:高浓度的BBP导致细胞核呈现出不规则状态,出现了凋亡小体;随着BBP染毒浓度的升高N2a细胞中的ROS水平和MDA含量逐渐上升,分别在0.16 g·L-1和10 g·L-1开始与对照组相比出现了显著性的差异(p0.05);而GSH系数呈现下降趋势,在0.32 g·L-1时开始出现显著性差异(p0.05)。实验结果表明高浓度的邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯可以导致神经瘤细胞的凋亡,并产生氧化损伤效应。     

Adsorption of phosphate ions from water using a novel cellulose-based adsorbent

A novel cellulose-based adsorbent, iron(III)-coordinated amino-functionalised poly(glycidylmethacrylate)-grafted cellulose [Fe(III)–AM-PGMACell] was developed for the removal of phosphate from water and wastewater. The scanning electron micrograph showed that AM-PGMACell has a rougher surface than cellulose and the adsorption of Fe(III) on AM-PGMACell made the surface even rougher. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that amino groups on the surface of AM-PGMACell complexed with Fe(III) played an important role in the removal of phosphate from solutions. X-Ray diffraction patterns showed a decrease in crystallinity after graft copolymerisation onto cellulose. The effects of contact time, initial sorbate concentration, pH, agitation speed, dose of adsorbent and temperature on the removal process were investigated. Maximum removal of 99.1% was observed for an initial concentration of 25 mg·L ^?1 at pH 6.0 and an adsorbent dose of 2.0 g·L ^?1. A two-step pseudo-first-order kinetic model and Sips isotherm model represented the measured data very well. Complete removal of 11.6 mg·L ^?1 phosphate from fertiliser industry wastewater was achieved by 1.6 g·L ^?1 Fe(III)–AM-PGMACell. The adsorbent exhibited very high reusability for several cycles. Overall, the study demonstrated that Fe(III)–AM-PGMACell can be used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal and recovery of phosphate from water and wastewater.